Chapters 8-12 Nutrition Key Concepts, Exam 2 Review (Family Feud), Exam 2 , Primary food source , Physiologic role vitamins/minerals

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280 Terms

1

Secondary Deficiency

A vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate absorption, excretion or destruction.

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2

Leukoplakia

White plaque that forms on mucous membranes that cannot be wiped away.

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3

Rhodopsin

Visual pigment affected by vitamin A levels

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4

Primary Deficiency

A vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate intake.

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5

Osteomalacia

Decreased bone mineralization resulting in loss of lamina dura around roots of teeth.

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6

Osteoporosis

Bone disease characterized by reduction in bone density leading to an increase in bone fractures.

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7

Anticoagulant

Blood thinner (ex: Vitamin E)

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8

Prothrombin

A plasma protein that functions as a catalyst in blood-clotting formation.

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9

Medical conditions can cause a patient to be at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Which of the following is not a risk factor?

Adequate Absorption

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10

Which of the following provides the highest micrograms of vitamin A?

Baked Sweet Potato

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11

Severe vitamin A deficiency may result enamel defects appearing as small pits or grooves in the crowns of teeth. This condition is termed___________and is a result of incomplete _______________ formation.

hypoplasia; ameloblasts

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12

1 cup of fortified orange juice contains more vitamin D than 1 cup of fortified milk.

True

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13

Excessive supplementation of which vitamin can lead to bone resorption, irreversible kidney and cardiovascular damage?

Vitamin D

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14

A patient taking vitamin K for blood clotting benefits may be at risk for hemorrhage if which vitamin is supplemented:

Vitamin E

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15

Blood thinning agents should be discontinued for several days before any oral surgery to prevent which possible condition?

prolonged bleeding

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16

Which of the following provides the highest portion of vitamin C?

Sliced strawberries

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17

The primary cause of periodontal disease is which of the following?

Plaque biofilm

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18

Hydroxyapatite

Inorganic (mineral) component of bones and teeth.

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19

Mineralization

Deposition of inorganic elements on an organic matrix.

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20

Alveolar bone

Portion of mandible and maxilla comprised of tooth sockets.

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21

Bioavailability

The amount of vitamin or mineral available to the body for use.

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22

Fluorapatite

Created by fluoride ions replacing hydroxyl ions to make tooth more resistant to acids.

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23

Fluorosis

Hypo-mineralization resulting in formation of immature enamel matrix proteins.

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24

Which of the following is the primary connective tissue fiber in the gingiva?

Collagen

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25

What is the RDA of calcium for a 55 year old female?

1200 mg/day

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26

Offer your 55 year old female patient calcium equivalent food choices to roughly meet her daily RDA:

6 oz canned salmon, 1/2 cup turnip greens, 1 cup low fat buttermilk, 1 cup icecream.

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27

Excessive levels of calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

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28

Deficient levels of calcium in the blood resulting in tetany

Hypocalcemia

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29

Vitamin D deficiency which results in inadequate amounts of calcium being deposited in the bone is called:

Rickets

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30

High intake of which of the following contributes to excessive phosphate levels which may lead to an increase in dental caries and bone resorption?

Sodas

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31

Four ounces of dark chocolate provides more magnesium than one medium banana.

True

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32

A woman's risk of osteoporosis starts around menopause (age 50 years or older). Women can lose ______ of their bone mass within 5 to 7 years after menopause.

20%

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33

Which of the following are clinical signs of osteoporosis?

Tooth mobility, bone resorption, and clinical attachment loss

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34

Patients with osteoporosis may develop periodontitis at a faster/slower rate than those without.

Faster

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35

Osteoporosis cannot be cured, but medications can help prevent or deter bone loss.

True.

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36

Kayser Fleischer Ring

Copper toxicity resulting in brown or green ring in the cornea.

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37

Total parenteral nutrition

Delivery of all nutritional needs intravenously

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38

Keshan Disease

Selenium deficiency resulting in cardiomyopathy

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39

Manganese Madness

Toxic syndrome similar to Parkinson disease which includes anxiety, hallucinations, and psychosis.

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40

Osteodystrophy

Toxic aluminum levels resulting in defective bone formation.

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41

Anemia that can't be corrected by iron supplements may be the result of a _______________ deficiency that can be exacerbated by _________ supplements.

Copper ; zinc

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42

Selenium deficiency can cause damage to which organ?

Heart

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43

Which of the following has not shown to have toxic effects in the body?

Molybdenum

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44

Which of the following risk factors for Alzheimer's disease could possibly be detected on a panoramic X-ray or CBCT?

Head Trauma

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45

Herbal remedies have shown to prevent Alzheimer disease

False

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46

Which of the following vitamin supplementations may be prescribed by a health care provider because its antioxidant effects may stop progressive deterioration of brain cells?

Vitamin E

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47

Acidic foods (tomatoes) can accumulate high levels of _________ if left in opened cans in the refrigerator for more than ________ days and should be stored in glass or plastic containers.

tin; 3

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48

Mentally stimulating activities may actually create new nerve cells, thus reducing the risk for Alzheimer disease.

True

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49

Pyogenic

Producing Puss

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50

Sympathetic Autonomic Nerves

Nerves stimulated to aid the body in times of crisis.

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51

Parasympathetic Autonomic Nerves

Nerves Stimulated to slow down the nervous system

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52

Keratin

Epithelial protein component of gingiva that covers the hard palate.

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53

Cheilosis

Cracks around the corners of the mouth.

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54

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue

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55

Beriberi

Thiamin deficiency characterized by extensive sensory and motor function.

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56

Pellagra

Niacin deficiency characterized by the 4D's (Dermatitis, depression, diarrhea and death).

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57

The first signs of nutritional deficiency are frequently found in the oral cavity.

True

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58

Which of the following are the most common signs of B-Complex vitamin deficiency?

Cheilosis and Glossitis

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59

Which of the following foods provides the highest content of both riboflavin and niacin?

Wheaties cereal

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60

Folic acid deficiency is of particular importance due to its role in synthesis of ________ and _________; during pregnancy this deficiency is associated with an increased risk of _________________ tube defects ( birth defects of the skill, brain, and spinal cord), cleft palate and lip, low birth weight and premature birth).

RNA, DNA, Neural

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61

Swelling of the tongue and atrophy of papillae are signs of folic (folate) acid deficiency.

True

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62

Low blood levels of folic (folate) acid are associated with periodontal disease.

True

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63

Fortified cereals and orange juice are good sources of folic (folate) acid.

True

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64

Folic (folate) acid is destroyed by prolonged cooking.

True

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65

Intake of folic (folate) acid is the most important during the first month of pregnancy.

True

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66

Vitamin B12 is only found in _________ products, so ________ may require a daily supplement or fortified foods.

Animal; vegans

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67

One of the first signs of vitamin C deficiency is increased susceptibility to _________________. Signs of vitamin C deficiency in later stages is characterized by reddened and swollen __________ that bleeds easily, increased risk of petechiae and candidiasis and enlargement of the ______________ gland.

infections, gingiva, parotid

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68

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

fluid within cells

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69

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Fluids outside the cell.

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70

Interstitial fluid

Fluids that fill the space between cells.

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71

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone responsible for fluid release or retention.

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72

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)/Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)

Gain and loss of water and sodium levels in the body.

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73

Hypernatremia/ Hyponatremia

Gain and loss of water and sodium levels in the body.

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74

Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia

Elevated and reduced potassium levels in the blood.

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75

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

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76

One cup of coffee per day for pregnant adults is considered safe.

True

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77

Improved alertness is a health benefit of caffeine.

True

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78

Reaches peak level in blood 1 hour after consumption.

True

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79

Caffeine is addictive.

False.

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80

Caffeine can help those under the influence of alcohol to sober up.

False.

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81

The soft drink with the highest caffeine content is _____________________; the energy drink with the highest amount of caffeine content is ____________. One cup of decaffeinated coffee may still contain slight amounts of caffeine (T/F)?

Mountain Dew, 5 Hour Energy, True.

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82

Rehydration after physical activity can be more effective ingesting ______________ rather than traditional sports drinks. Increase fluid intake and salivary production by chewing sugarless gum, preferably containing ______________.

Milk-based beverages, Xylitol.

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83

Which of the following contains the highest level of sodium

3 oz roasted ham

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84

The most prominent sign of iron deficiency in the oral cavity is pallor and swelling of the _________________.

Tongue.

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85

Encourage patients who are practicing a vegan diet to consume ________ rich foods.

Iron

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86

Iron supplements may cause __________ staining of the teeth.

Extrinsic

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87

Older adults may have trouble absorbing iron due to reduced production of ___________ acid.

Gastric

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88

Enlargement of the _____________ can indicate hyperthyroidism. The most preventable treatment for intellectual impairment is adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy, so pregnant adults should be encouraged to take _______________.

Thyroid, Multivitamins

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89

Folic Acid

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause neural tube defects in the first trimester.

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90

Water Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that have to be replenished daily because the body has limited abilities to store them.

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91

D

Vitamin __ deficiency is associated with osteoporosis.

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92

Rickets

A condition resulting from vitamin D deficiency that causes disturbance of normal bone formation.

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93

Fluoride

A mineral found in drinking water and toothpastes that is important for dental and bone health.

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94

Iodine

A mineral commonly added to table salt.

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95

Collagen

Vitamin C aids production of which type of connective tissue?

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96

Vitamin C

Scurvy is associated with which vitamin's deficiency.

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97

Fluoride

The deficiency of what mineral can lead to dental caries.

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98

Xylitol

An ingredient found in some sugarless gums that inhibits plaque biofilm production.

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99

50%

According to MyPlate, what percentage of grains should be whole.

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100

Vegan diet

A plant-based diet that excludes all meats and dairy.

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