Chapters 8-12 Nutrition Key Concepts, Exam 2 Review (Family Feud), Exam 2 , Primary food source , Physiologic role vitamins/minerals

Secondary Deficiency

A vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate absorption, excretion or destruction.

Leukoplakia

White plaque that forms on mucous membranes that cannot be wiped away.

Rhodopsin

Visual pigment affected by vitamin A levels

Primary Deficiency

A vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate intake.

Osteomalacia

Decreased bone mineralization resulting in loss of lamina dura around roots of teeth.

Osteoporosis

Bone disease characterized by reduction in bone density leading to an increase in bone fractures.

Anticoagulant

Blood thinner (ex: Vitamin E)

Prothrombin

A plasma protein that functions as a catalyst in blood-clotting formation.

Medical conditions can cause a patient to be at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Which of the following is not a risk factor?

Adequate Absorption

Which of the following provides the highest micrograms of vitamin A?

Baked Sweet Potato

Severe vitamin A deficiency may result enamel defects appearing as small pits or grooves in the crowns of teeth. This condition is termed___________and is a result of incomplete _______________ formation.

hypoplasia; ameloblasts

1 cup of fortified orange juice contains more vitamin D than 1 cup of fortified milk.

True

Excessive supplementation of which vitamin can lead to bone resorption, irreversible kidney and cardiovascular damage?

Vitamin D

A patient taking vitamin K for blood clotting benefits may be at risk for hemorrhage if which vitamin is supplemented:

Vitamin E

Blood thinning agents should be discontinued for several days before any oral surgery to prevent which possible condition?

prolonged bleeding

Which of the following provides the highest portion of vitamin C?

Sliced strawberries

The primary cause of periodontal disease is which of the following?

Plaque biofilm

Hydroxyapatite

Inorganic (mineral) component of bones and teeth.

Mineralization

Deposition of inorganic elements on an organic matrix.

Alveolar bone

Portion of mandible and maxilla comprised of tooth sockets.

Bioavailability

The amount of vitamin or mineral available to the body for use.

Fluorapatite

Created by fluoride ions replacing hydroxyl ions to make tooth more resistant to acids.

Fluorosis

Hypo-mineralization resulting in formation of immature enamel matrix proteins.

Which of the following is the primary connective tissue fiber in the gingiva?

Collagen

What is the RDA of calcium for a 55 year old female?

1200 mg/day

Offer your 55 year old female patient calcium equivalent food choices to roughly meet her daily RDA:

6 oz canned salmon, 1/2 cup turnip greens, 1 cup low fat buttermilk, 1 cup icecream.

Excessive levels of calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

Deficient levels of calcium in the blood resulting in tetany

Hypocalcemia

Vitamin D deficiency which results in inadequate amounts of calcium being deposited in the bone is called:

Rickets

High intake of which of the following contributes to excessive phosphate levels which may lead to an increase in dental caries and bone resorption?

Sodas

Four ounces of dark chocolate provides more magnesium than one medium banana.

True

A woman's risk of osteoporosis starts around menopause (age 50 years or older). Women can lose ______ of their bone mass within 5 to 7 years after menopause.

20%

Which of the following are clinical signs of osteoporosis?

Tooth mobility, bone resorption, and clinical attachment loss

Patients with osteoporosis may develop periodontitis at a faster/slower rate than those without.

Faster

Osteoporosis cannot be cured, but medications can help prevent or deter bone loss.

True.

Kayser Fleischer Ring

Copper toxicity resulting in brown or green ring in the cornea.

Total parenteral nutrition

Delivery of all nutritional needs intravenously

Keshan Disease

Selenium deficiency resulting in cardiomyopathy

Manganese Madness

Toxic syndrome similar to Parkinson disease which includes anxiety, hallucinations, and psychosis.

Osteodystrophy

Toxic aluminum levels resulting in defective bone formation.

Anemia that can't be corrected by iron supplements may be the result of a _______________ deficiency that can be exacerbated by _________ supplements.

Copper ; zinc

Selenium deficiency can cause damage to which organ?

Heart

Which of the following has not shown to have toxic effects in the body?

Molybdenum

Which of the following risk factors for Alzheimer's disease could possibly be detected on a panoramic X-ray or CBCT?

Head Trauma

Herbal remedies have shown to prevent Alzheimer disease

False

Which of the following vitamin supplementations may be prescribed by a health care provider because its antioxidant effects may stop progressive deterioration of brain cells?

Vitamin E

Acidic foods (tomatoes) can accumulate high levels of _________ if left in opened cans in the refrigerator for more than ________ days and should be stored in glass or plastic containers.

tin; 3

Mentally stimulating activities may actually create new nerve cells, thus reducing the risk for Alzheimer disease.

True

Pyogenic

Producing Puss

Sympathetic Autonomic Nerves

Nerves stimulated to aid the body in times of crisis.

Parasympathetic Autonomic Nerves

Nerves Stimulated to slow down the nervous system

Keratin

Epithelial protein component of gingiva that covers the hard palate.

Cheilosis

Cracks around the corners of the mouth.

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue

Beriberi

Thiamin deficiency characterized by extensive sensory and motor function.

Pellagra

Niacin deficiency characterized by the 4D's (Dermatitis, depression, diarrhea and death).

The first signs of nutritional deficiency are frequently found in the oral cavity.

True

Which of the following are the most common signs of B-Complex vitamin deficiency?

Cheilosis and Glossitis

Which of the following foods provides the highest content of both riboflavin and niacin?

Wheaties cereal

Folic acid deficiency is of particular importance due to its role in synthesis of ________ and _________; during pregnancy this deficiency is associated with an increased risk of _________________ tube defects ( birth defects of the skill, brain, and spinal cord), cleft palate and lip, low birth weight and premature birth).

RNA, DNA, Neural

Swelling of the tongue and atrophy of papillae are signs of folic (folate) acid deficiency.

True

Low blood levels of folic (folate) acid are associated with periodontal disease.

True

Fortified cereals and orange juice are good sources of folic (folate) acid.

True

Folic (folate) acid is destroyed by prolonged cooking.

True

Intake of folic (folate) acid is the most important during the first month of pregnancy.

True

Vitamin B12 is only found in _________ products, so ________ may require a daily supplement or fortified foods.

Animal; vegans

One of the first signs of vitamin C deficiency is increased susceptibility to _________________. Signs of vitamin C deficiency in later stages is characterized by reddened and swollen __________ that bleeds easily, increased risk of petechiae and candidiasis and enlargement of the ______________ gland.

infections, gingiva, parotid

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

fluid within cells

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Fluids outside the cell.

Interstitial fluid

Fluids that fill the space between cells.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone responsible for fluid release or retention.

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)/Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)

Gain and loss of water and sodium levels in the body.

Hypernatremia/ Hyponatremia

Gain and loss of water and sodium levels in the body.

Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia

Elevated and reduced potassium levels in the blood.

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

One cup of coffee per day for pregnant adults is considered safe.

True

Improved alertness is a health benefit of caffeine.

True

Reaches peak level in blood 1 hour after consumption.

True

Caffeine is addictive.

False.

Caffeine can help those under the influence of alcohol to sober up.

False.

The soft drink with the highest caffeine content is _____________________; the energy drink with the highest amount of caffeine content is ____________. One cup of decaffeinated coffee may still contain slight amounts of caffeine (T/F)?

Mountain Dew, 5 Hour Energy, True.

Rehydration after physical activity can be more effective ingesting ______________ rather than traditional sports drinks. Increase fluid intake and salivary production by chewing sugarless gum, preferably containing ______________.

Milk-based beverages, Xylitol.

Which of the following contains the highest level of sodium

3 oz roasted ham

The most prominent sign of iron deficiency in the oral cavity is pallor and swelling of the _________________.

Tongue.

Encourage patients who are practicing a vegan diet to consume ________ rich foods.

Iron

Iron supplements may cause __________ staining of the teeth.

Extrinsic

Older adults may have trouble absorbing iron due to reduced production of ___________ acid.

Gastric

Enlargement of the _____________ can indicate hyperthyroidism. The most preventable treatment for intellectual impairment is adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy, so pregnant adults should be encouraged to take _______________.

Thyroid, Multivitamins

Folic Acid

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause neural tube defects in the first trimester.

Water Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that have to be replenished daily because the body has limited abilities to store them.

D

Vitamin __ deficiency is associated with osteoporosis.

Rickets

A condition resulting from vitamin D deficiency that causes disturbance of normal bone formation.

Fluoride

A mineral found in drinking water and toothpastes that is important for dental and bone health.

Iodine

A mineral commonly added to table salt.

Collagen

Vitamin C aids production of which type of connective tissue?

Vitamin C

Scurvy is associated with which vitamin's deficiency.

Fluoride

The deficiency of what mineral can lead to dental caries.

Xylitol

An ingredient found in some sugarless gums that inhibits plaque biofilm production.

50%

According to MyPlate, what percentage of grains should be whole.

Vegan diet

A plant-based diet that excludes all meats and dairy.