Solutions and Concentration Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to solutions, concentration, solubility, and osmosis, providing definitions and clarity for exam preparation.

solute

The substance present in a lesser amount in a solution.

solvent

The substance present in a larger amount in a solution.

aqueous solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

homogeneous mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.

heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition throughout.

electrolyte

A substance that conducts an electric current in water.

nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not conduct an electric current in water.

molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

solubility

The amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent.

Henry's law

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

saturation

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve.

exothermic process

When solvation releases more energy than that required to separate particles.

endothermic process

When the separation of particles requires more energy than is released during solvation.

dilution

The addition of solvent to decrease the concentration of solute.

isotonic solution

Two solutions with the same osmotic pressure.

hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids.

hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids.

osmotic pressure

The pressure that prevents the flow of additional solvent into a solution across a semipermeable membrane.