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La hache
letter h; the h is silent
La che
letter ch
La ce
letter ce; pronounced like case; before -e and -i it is pronounced s as in sin
La ge
letter ge; pronounced like go; g is silent like h like in hen before -e and -i; spelled gu before -e and -i when still pronounced like go; pronounced letter "u"s that aren't muted will be marked
La ku
letter ku; used only in que/qui combinations; u is mute; pronounced us do not have letter ku by them
La zeta
letter zeta; pronounced s
ll
pronounced y
cc
pronounced ks, only before e and i
rr
rolling r between vowels only
nn
only used when prefix ending in n is added to a word beginning with n
ph -> f
ph turns into f in Spanish
-a, e, i, o, u-
vowels
-a, e, o
strong or open vowels
i, u-
weak or closed vowels
Accent Rule 1: words that end in a vowl, -n, or -s stress the next-to-last syllable
clase, examen, mesas
Accent Rule 2: words that DO NOT end in a vowel, -n, or -s, stress the last syllable
bondad, papel, cantar
Words that do not follow the accent rules have a written accent (" ` ") to show which syllable is stressed
café, exámenes, árbol
dé
give (command)
de
of, from
él
he/him
el
the
más
more
mas
but
mí
me
mi
my
sé
I know
se
reflexive/impersonal pronoun
sí
yes
si
if
té
tea
te
you (object pronoun)
tú
you
tu
your
qué
what, when used as a question
cómo
how, when used as a question
dónde
where, when used as a question
Que
what, non interrogative
quién
who
Donde
where, non interrogative
Dipthongs/diptongos
two vowels joint to make one syllable - 2 closed or 1 open + 1 closed (NOT 2 open) (ccoc)
Hiatos
two vowels separated into two syllables - 2 open or 1 closed + 1 open (ooco)
Consonants
B, C, Ch, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, LL, M, N, N~, P, Q, R, RR, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z
Accents
Words in Spanish have accents depending on if there is and where a strong syllable is within a word
Words that have accents in questions
qué, dónde, cuándo, por qué, cómo
como
as, like, by way of, not interrogative