Algebra 2 Intro to Stats Terms

Experimental Subjects

specific detail about who is being tested

Explanatory Variable

what is being tested

Response Variable

what can be measured

Treatment

explanation of what happened in the experiment

Randomization

 is the design randomized? How could it be improved?

Random Sample

a group of the population that is chosen at random

Random Selection

 a form of sampling where a representative group of research participants is selected from a larger group by chance

Table of Random Digits

 go down to specific row, combine numbers with the same digit as highest # of subjects (ex 100=3 digits)

Random Number Generator

 MATH, PRB, randInt(min, max, n), enter

Seeding A Calculator

 enter number, STO→, MATH, PRB, rand, enter

Bias vs Variability

Bias: the difference between average predictions and true values. Variance: the variability of our predictions, i.e. how spread out your model predictions are

Population

everyone in an area without any grouping

Sample

a small group of the population

Parameter

describes a population

Statistic

described a sample

X̄

sample mean

μ

population mean

p̂

sample proportion (%)

P

population proportion (%)

Observational Study

 recording data of something that occurred without being able to change anything

Randomized Experiment

a study sample is divided into one group that will receive different treatment and another group that will not receive the intervention (the control group)

Matched Pairs Experiment

an experimental design where participants are matched in pairs based on shared characteristics before they are assigned to groups; one participant from the pair is randomly assigned to the treatment group while the other is assigned to the control group

Block Design Experiment

an experimental design where subjects or experimental units are grouped into blocks, with the different treatments to be tested randomly assigned to the units in each block

Uncontrolled Experiment

a characteristic factor that is not regulated or measured by the investigator during an experiment or study, so that it is not the same for all participants in the research

Comparative Experiment

the effects of one of the two variables are typically already known, and a second variable that you want to compare is in the place of the placebo (no random assignments, comes from existing groups)

Simulation

an experiment that is used to estimate the probability of a real-world event