Experimental Subjects
specific detail about who is being tested
Explanatory Variable
what is being tested
Response Variable
what can be measured
Treatment
explanation of what happened in the experiment
Randomization
is the design randomized? How could it be improved?
Random Sample
a group of the population that is chosen at random
Random Selection
a form of sampling where a representative group of research participants is selected from a larger group by chance
Table of Random Digits
go down to specific row, combine numbers with the same digit as highest # of subjects (ex 100=3 digits)
Random Number Generator
MATH, PRB, randInt(min, max, n), enter
Seeding A Calculator
enter number, STO→, MATH, PRB, rand, enter
Bias vs Variability
Bias: the difference between average predictions and true values. Variance: the variability of our predictions, i.e. how spread out your model predictions are
Population
everyone in an area without any grouping
Sample
a small group of the population
Parameter
describes a population
Statistic
described a sample
X̄
sample mean
μ
population mean
p̂
sample proportion (%)
P
population proportion (%)
Observational Study
recording data of something that occurred without being able to change anything
Randomized Experiment
a study sample is divided into one group that will receive different treatment and another group that will not receive the intervention (the control group)
Matched Pairs Experiment
an experimental design where participants are matched in pairs based on shared characteristics before they are assigned to groups; one participant from the pair is randomly assigned to the treatment group while the other is assigned to the control group
Block Design Experiment
an experimental design where subjects or experimental units are grouped into blocks, with the different treatments to be tested randomly assigned to the units in each block
Uncontrolled Experiment
a characteristic factor that is not regulated or measured by the investigator during an experiment or study, so that it is not the same for all participants in the research
Comparative Experiment
the effects of one of the two variables are typically already known, and a second variable that you want to compare is in the place of the placebo (no random assignments, comes from existing groups)
Simulation
an experiment that is used to estimate the probability of a real-world event