shaping and chaining

When differentially reinforcing successive approximations, what is it called when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced?

extinction

In order for the behavioral chain to continue to occur, the last behavior in the chain must be:

reinforced

A complex behavior made up of a number of component behaviors occurring in a sequence is referred to as:

a behavioral chain

Which of the following indicates it is time to move from one shaping step to the next?

the individual is successfully engaging in the behavior

Which of the following strategies is used when a target behavior is not occurring at all?

shaping

What is it called when successive approximations of the target behavior are differentially reinforced until the individual engages in the target behavior?

shaping

Which of the following behavioral principles is(are) involved in shaping?

extinction and reinforcement

Shaping is the reinforcement of successive _______.

approximations of a desired behavior

The starting behavior that is used in shaping is:

a behavior that is already occurring

an approximation of the target behavior

The advantages of using a click or a whistle as a secondary reinforcer during shaping include that

it can be delivered immediately following the correct behavior.

satiation will take longer to occur.

The advantages of using a click or a whistle as a secondary reinforcer during shaping include that it can be delivered immediately following the correct behavior and that satiation will take longer to occur.

When reinforcement for each approximation of the target behavior is eliminated and an extinction burst occurs, what kind of behavior is then reinforced?

novel

When Julio’s mom asks him to do a chore, he ignores her. When she asks him a second time, he does the chore. Next time, he ignores her when she asks two times so she asks a third time while raising her voice before he does the chore. Eventually he ignores her three requests and raised voice and only does the chord after she screams at him multiple times to do the chore. .  In this example, whose behavior has been shaped?

julios mom

A researcher is going to use a behavioral chaining procedure to teach an individual with developmental disabilities to stuff brochures into envelopes. The researcher first goes through the process of identifying all the individual stimulus–response components in the chain. This process is called:

task analysis

Forward chaining and backward chaining differ in terms of all but which of the following?

the importance of leading components in the chain

Bo is out grocery shopping with his two-year-old child, Nicky. Nicky asks Bo to buy him a cookie and Bo says no . Nicky starts whining and Bo stays firm and repeats his no . Nicky then escalates his behavior and starts kicking and screaming. Bo gives in and buys Nicky the cookie. It is likely that Nicky’s tantrum occurred due to unintentional shaping by Bo.

true

Mikhail just got a new puppy. His mom is going to use a chaining procedure to teach Mikhail all the steps involved in feeding the puppy. If his mom teaches him the last behavior in the chain first and then teaches him each previous behavior, she would be using:

backward chaining

Jayapal’s mom is going to teach him how to make his bed. Jayapal’s mom conducts a task analysis to identify all the individual components involved in the task. She decides to teach Jayapal the first behavior in the chain first and then each subsequent behavior. Jayapal’s mom is using:

foward chaining

Which of the following strategies can be used to conduct a task analysis?

observe a competent individual engage in the task and record each S–R component

ask a person who performs the task well to explain all the S–R components

perform the task yourself and record each S–R component

Mei is trying to encourage her child, Mickey, to clean their room. First she identifies all the aspects of cleaning Mickey’s room: picking up the toys, dusting the surfaces, and vacuuming the carpet. Mei has just conducted a __________.

task analysis

During shaping, what is responsible for the emergence of novel behaviors?

extinction burst