AP AFAM End Unit 2 Test Review

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793?

A law requiring the return of runaway enslaved people to their owners, even if they escaped to free states.

Why did the Fugitive Slave Act become more significant in 1850?

Northern states had abolished slavery and the Underground Railroad expanded, increasing escapes.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

A stricter law requiring federal and Northern law enforcement to capture and return runaway enslaved people.

How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 affect free states?

It forced free states to participate in slavery enforcement.

What compromise included the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

The Compromise of 1850, which admitted California as a free state.

Who was Dred Scott?

An enslaved man who lived in free states and sued for his freedom.

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott case?

Black people were not citizens and had no rights under the Constitution.

How did the Dred Scott decision expand slavery?

It ruled Congress could not ban slavery in U.S. territories.

Why did the Dred Scott case increase national tension?

It opened western lands to slavery and angered abolitionists.

Who was Harriet Tubman?

A formerly enslaved woman who became a conductor on the Underground Railroad.

Where was Harriet Tubman born?

Maryland.

What injury did Harriet Tubman suffer as a child?

A severe traumatic brain injury caused by an overseer.

How did Harriet Tubman help enslaved people?

She made about 20 return trips and freed around 80 people.

What role did Harriet Tubman play in the Civil War?

She served as a spy for the Union Army.

Who wrote Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World?

David Walker.

What were David Walker’s main beliefs?

Anti-emigration, slavery as extreme oppression, and U.S. government corruption and racism.

Who was Henry Highland Garnet?

A Black abolitionist and minister.

What was Garnet’s main message in “An Address to the Slaves of the United States”?

Enslaved people should actively fight for their freedom.

How did Garnet differ from gradual abolitionists?

He encouraged immediate resistance rather than patience.

Who was the most photographed man of the 1800s?

Frederick Douglass.

Why was photography important to Black abolitionists?

It challenged racist stereotypes and showed dignity and humanity.

What were carte de visite photographs?

Small postcard-style photos sold to raise money for abolition.

Which Black women were known for these photo collections?

Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth.

What are slave narratives?

Firsthand written accounts of life under slavery.

Why are women’s slave narratives especially important?

They reveal domestic labor and vulnerability to sexual exploitation.

How did enslaved women resist exploitation?

Through physical resistance and controlling reproduction.

Name two famous authors of slave narratives.

Mary Prince and Harriet Jacobs.

When did the Civil War occur?

1861–1865.

What caused the Civil War?

Southern fear of losing slavery after Lincoln’s election.

Who were key Civil War leaders?

Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Robert E. Lee.

Where were major Civil War battles fought?

Fort Sumter (SC), Bull Run (VA), Gettysburg (PA).

What was the outcome of the Civil War?

Union victory and passage of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery.

Who made up much of the Union Army?

Formerly enslaved Black men.

What violence did Black communities face in the North?

Attacks from Irish immigrants and working-class whites.

What were the 1863 New York City Draft Riots?

Violent riots targeting Black neighborhoods and residents.

How did the federal government respond to the riots?

Lincoln sent in the army to restore order.

What was General Order No. 3?

The announcement enforcing emancipation in Texas.

What does Juneteenth commemorate?

The liberation of the last enslaved people in Galveston, Texas.

When were enslaved people freed in Texas?

1866, two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.

How is Juneteenth celebrated today?

Red foods, parades, formal clothing, African music, and traditional foods.