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hazard
is a threat or harm that has the potential to cause damage
geophysical (natural)
biological (man-made)
two types of hazard
natural hazard (geophysical)
occurs when an extreme natural event is destructive to human life and property
this event could interfere with activities in a minor or completely disrupt activities
volcanic eruption
earthquake
typhoon
hurricanes
tornados
extreme temperature
give some examples of geophysical hazard
man-made hazard
are caused by human activities
this type of hazard can often be prevented
disease
infection
bomb explosion
leak of hazardous materials
bridge / road collapses
vehicle collisions
terrorism
war
give some examples of biological hazard
disaster
a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property
it disrupts the usual course of life causing both physical and emotional distress such as intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness
are emergencies that cannot be handled by those affected without outside assistance
a serious disruption of the functioning community or society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental impact, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources
the people
the property
two elements affected by disaster
asian disaster preparedness center 2012 (ADPC)
according to them there are two elements affected by disaster
the people
there is a threat to life, injury, diseases, emotional and mental stability and in worst cases, death
the property
uncountable damage to property, loss of assets, social and economic disruptions, and environmental destructions
natural made disasters
is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the earth
floods
hurricanes
tornadoes
volcanic eruptions
earthquakes
tsunamis
storms
other geologic processes
give the examples of natural made disasters
man-made disasters
are result of man’s negligence, errors, or intentions
technological / industrial disasters
terrorism / violence
complex humanitarian emergencies
types of man-made disasters
technological / industrial disaster
this includes infrastructure collapse, leaks of hazardous material, accidental explosion, utility failure, and vehicle collisions
terrorism / violence
this includes bomb explosions, release of chemical materials and biological agents, release of radioactive agents, multiple massive shootings and mutinies (rebellion)
complex humanitarian emergencies
this includes conflict wars or genocide (deliberate killing or large number of people)
vulnerability
is situation specific
differs in the way they prepare for the hazard and the amount and type of resources they need to use and manage
republic act no. 10121 | philippine disaster risk reduction and management act of 2010
is defined as the characteristic and circumstances of a community, system or resources that make susceptible to damaging effects of a hazard
proximity to a hazard event
population density near a hazard event
capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk
building codes and disaster policies
factors that asses the vulnerability of an area
proximity to a hazard event
an area frequented by a certain hazard predisposes it to high vulnerability, as an example of a hazard, is more likely to happen in the philippines than in brazil because the philippines is situated along the pacific ring of fire where frequent seismic activities occur, hence, this fact already puts the philippines in a vulnerable situation for seismic-related events
in the same manner, houses, buildings, and other structures become vulnerable to flooding if they are built on floodplains.
population density near a hazard event
if people are distributed evenly in an area, the impact of a disaster may be reduced to a minimum
if all individuals crowd in one portion of a place, there is little space and time to escape from a hazard
population
refers to the number of individuals inhabiting a particular space at the same time
population density
refers to the number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of that area
capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk
The capacity of a community to reduce disaster risk includes the accessibility and availability of services and facilities that help in preparing for or during disasters
ability of a community to anticipate, adapt, and respond to the changes in socio-ecological and economic impacts that are usually experienced after a disaster
building code and disaster policies
buildings and other structures may increase disaster risk, when they fall or collapse due to a hazard such as an earthquake, they can cause injury and even loss of lives.
in the design and construction of buildings, possible hazards should be considered
exposure
refers to the degree to which a community or society is likely to experience hazard events of different magnitude
capacity
is the capability and coping ability of school, households, and communities to manage when disaster hits (drrm)
r = h*v/c
r - risk of damage
h - hazard
v - vulnerability
c - the ability of people, organization and system to face or manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters
disaster risk equation