CSET Multiple Subject Subtest 1: History and Social Science United States History Set

The Opening of New Worlds was associated with the Age of Discovery

1. European explorers in search of Asia Discovered a new continent.

2. The Age of Discovery resuleted in renewed European rivalry.

3. Spain, France, England, Portugal and the Netherlands competed for land.

Geographic Diversity helped to create distinct economic regions.

1. The New England colonies were associated shipbuilding and commerce.

2. The Middle Colonies were associated with farming and commerce.

3. The southern colonies wer associated with tobacco, cotton and slavery.

The English Colonies began to develop self government.

1. The Mayflower Compact was the basis for government by the consent of the governed

2. The House Of Burgesses was an early Colonial attempt at representative self government.

3. The colonists demanded their rights as Englishmen.

The Population of the colonies steadily increased

1. Larg families of 10 or more were common

2. Steady immigration from abroad increased the overall population.

3. Europeans and Africans were the major population groups.

Life in the Colonies

1. The idea of free public education started in the colonies.

2. Class distinctions were less rigid which led to a strong middle class.

Religion in the Colonies

Most prevalent religion was Protestant.The decline of Puritanism led to greater religious tolerance .With the exception of Rhode Island, religious freedom only extended to the dominant religion of the colony.

The French Indian War (1754-1763)

Seven Years War. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the kingdoms of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of all of New France east of the Mississippi River, as well as Spanish Florida.

The French Indian War

A key turning point in England's domination over North America. Ended the French threat in America. Encouraged Colonial America to seek a more active voice in its own affairs.

Maryland Religion

Maryland-Catholic

Rhode Island Religion

Rhode Island -extensive freedom for all religions

Pennsylvania and Delaware Religion

Pennsylvania-Quakers

Delaware-Quakers

Europe's Three Main Goals of Colonization/Exploration

Gold, Glory and God. (Become rich through resources, expand empires, and spread Christianity beyond Europe)

Mercantilism

The goal is to increase the wealth in a country by creating a favorable balance of trade (export more than import).

Circumnavigate

To sail around the world; Ferdinand Magellan's crew were the first to go around the world.

The Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants/animals/disease between Europe and the Americas; both positive and negative aspects.

a. It changed the world - diet of Europeans, death of Indians

Conquistadors

Spanish soldiers sent to the new world to take gold and conquer through force.

Aztec Indians

Native Americans located in Mexico; defeated by Hernan Cortes, mostly wiped out by European disease. Their leader was Montezuma.

Inca Indians

Native Americans located in Peru; defeated by Francisco Pizarro, wiped out by disease.

Encomiendas

a Royally granted agreement to use slave labor/tax on plantations in the New World.

Plantations

Enormous farms (1000's of acres) intended to produce wealth by providing cash crops.

Missions

Religious communities, built like a fort with a church, used to convert Indians to Christianity (force them if needed).

African Diaspora

The forced removal of Africans to the Americas to be enslaved.

The Middle Passage

Part of the Triangular Trade Route; this route connected Africa to the Americas and brought slaves to the New World.

Triangular Trade Route

Connected Europe, Africa and the Americas. This route provided resources from one location to the next stop Example: tobacco was shipped from America to Europe.

Northwest Passage

A mythical shortcut that would provide a quick way to access China/Asia from the New World.

New France

The colony created by the French; their interaction with the Native Americans was very peaceful and friendly. The French and natives learned each others language and religion.

New Netherland

The colony of the Dutch here in America; they were located in present day New York. Traded and trapped fur.

New Sweden

The colony the Swedes set up in present day New Jersey and Delaware. Traded and trapped fur.

Martin Luther

German monk that nails 95 Theses to church door, beginning the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

King Henry VIII

English royal that split with the pope and created the Church of England; he made England Protestant.

Queen Elizabeth

Henry's daughter; she refused to marry Phillip of Spain, and defeats his mighty armada.

King Phillip II

Spanish royal; wants to marry Elizabeth to convert England. His mighty armada is defeated in the English Channel.

Sea Dogs

English pirates, supported by the Queen to steal gold/riches from Spanish boats. Sir Francis Drake was the most famous.

French & Indian War

1754 - 1763; conflict between France and Great Britain over land in North America

Seven Years War

name for the French & Indian War in Europe

New England Colonies

colonies that built cities and early water powered textile factories

Middle Colonies

colonies that focused on growing cash crops; tobacco, indiego

Southern Colonies

colonies that focused on subsistence farming; rice

cash crop

a plant that is grown for sale only, not for subsistence

subsistence farming

growing crops to feed yourself and family

Triangular Trade

economic system used between Europe, Americas, and Africa in the 1600-1800s

Glorious Revolution

the rise of the working class and the eventual overthrow of monarchies, occurred 1200-1600

Great Awakening

a period of renewal in Christian belief; occurred 1720-1750

Enlightenment

a period of interest in science, education, and reasoning; occurred 1740-1760

Magna Carta

A legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of the King

militia

civilian soldiers; mostly farmers during the 1700s

Albany Plan of Union

stated that if the French attacked a colony the other colonies would help defend; written in 1754; first time colonies viewed themselves as a collective whole

Benjamin Franklin

author of the Albany Plan of Union

Treaty of Paris

peace agreement that ended the French & Indian War

1763

year the Treaty of Paris was signed

Proclamation of 1763

Issued by Great Britain after the French & Indian War; prevented colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains

Background to the American Revolution

The English mercantile policy discouraged colonial economic independence. Colonial concepts of political and economic feedom were key factors leading to the American Revolution. The colonies tried petitions, boycotts and other measures.

The Articles of Confederation

America's first constitution which provided for a new central government with limited powers. Held the nation together during the critical period.

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

The national government did not have the power to regulate foreign trade.

The national government did not have a court system.

The national government did not have an independant taxing power.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native American uprising in Michigan; chief wanted all Natives to unite and fight Europeans

revenue

incoming money

resolution

a formal expression of opinion

boycott

refusing to buy a product

repeal

to cancel a law

writs of assistance

documents that allowed tax collectors to search private property for smuggled goods

nonimportation

agreements by merchants to not buy products from a certain country or source

non-

morpheme meaning "not"

im-

morpheme meaning "into"

chrono-

morpheme meaning "time"

prohibit

not allowed

Sons of Liberty

group of male colonists who protested taxes; not afraid to use violence

Samuel Adams

founder and leader of the Sons of Liberty

Boston

city where the American Revolution started

Sugar Act

1764; lowered tax on molasses to encourage colonists to stop smuggling

smuggling

bringing something into a country illegally

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Patrick Henry

famous Early American politician who said "Give me liberty or give me death."

Townshend Acts

1767; law adopted after Stamp Act was repealed; taxed glass, paper, and tea

Taxation without Representation

the major cause of the American Revolution

Boston Massacre

1770; 5 civilians who were part of a mob killed by British soldiers; depicted as a brutal slaughter in colonial newspapers

propaganda

form of persuasion; shows one side of an issue to influence people to join that one side

committee of correspondence

groups of colonists began writing letters to each other to form ways of resisting British rule; shows communication between the colonies

Tea Act

1773; placed a tax on an item to help save the British East India Company; colonists boycotted

Boston Tea Party

took place as a reaction to the Tea Act; Sons of Liberty dressed up like Mohawk Indians and protested in the harbor

Intolerable Acts

1774; laws meant to punish Boston after the Tea Party; closed the harbor, created a police state, Quebec Act, and had to quarter troops in civilian homes

King George III

leader of Great Britain at the time of the American Revolution

effigy

a rag doll dressed to look like a tax collector or other enemy

Continental Congress

Group formed in 1774, established militias

Second Continental Congress

meeting of delegates in 1775, formed Continental Army, wrote Olive Branch Petition

Continental Army

professional army formed by Second Continental Congress

George Washington

commander of Continental Army

Olive Branch Petition

last attempt by colonists to prevent Revolution

Thomas Paine

author of Common Sense

Common Sense

pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that encouraged colonists to join the revolution

Thomas Jefferson

author of the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

offically declared the colonies separate from Britain

July 4th, 1776

date the Declaration of Independence was signed

John Hancock

wrote his name in large print so that King George III could read it from Philly

Philadelphia

place where Declaration of Independence was signed

mercantilism

dominant economic theory of the 1600s; more trade = more gold reserves

import

bringing something IN to a nation

export

sending something our of the nation

Sugar Act

Act passed by the British Parliament in 1764 setting taxes on molasses, sugar and cloth that was imported to the colonies

Currency Act

Act passed by the British Parliament in 1764 that stopped colonial printing of paper money & forced colonists to pay in gold and silver

Stamp Act

Act passed by the British Pariliament in 1765 that placed a tax on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies