Midterm Two: Ch.7 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Strong Bases

metal hydroxide

Strong Acid: HClO₄(aq)

Perchloric Acid

Strong Acid: HCl(aq)

Hydrochloric acid

Strong Acid: HBr(aq)

Hydrobromic Acid

Strong Acid: HI(aq)

Hydroiodic Acid

Strong Acid: H₂SO₄(aq)

Sulfuric Acid

Strong Acid: HNO₃(aq)

Nitric Acid

Decomposition Rx of carbonic acid: H₂CO₃(aq)

carbon dioxide + water

CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Decomposition Rx of sulfurous acid: H₂SO₃(aq)

sulfur dioxide + water

SO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Decomposition Rx of ammonium hydroxide: NH₄OH

ammonia + water

NH₃(g) + H₂O(l)

Combination Rex

A+B —> AB

Decomposition Rx

AB —> A+B

Single Replacement Rx

A + BC —> B + AC

If A is more reactive than B

Double Replacement (Displacement) Rx

AB + CD —> AD + BC

DR Rx: Precipitation

Solid formation reactions, if all reactants and products are aqueous, write NR

DR Rx: Acid Base (neutralization, heat formation)

Acid + base —> salt + water + heat

DR Rx: strong acid to weak acid/ strong base to weak base (gas formation)

Acids and bases memorized

Combustion Rx

Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas —> carbon dioxide gas + water + heat

Redox (Reduction oxidation) Rx

Oxidation = loss of e

Reduction = gain of e

limiting reactant

the thing that is not in excess; cannot be the product

formula for percent yield

(experimental yield/ theoretical yield) x 100

empirical rule

represents the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Molar mass

Mm= g/mol