Calvin cycle (light independent reactions)

carbon fixation stage (C-3 Calvin cycle)

6 CO2 combines with 6 RuBP, forms 6 unstable intermediate molecules

RuBP are found where?

in the stroma, combines with CO2

how many carbons do unstable molecules have?

6 each

what are unstable intermediate molecules reconfigured into?

12 PGA (3 carbons each)

what is PGA?

3 carbon stable intermediate

Why is the C-3 Calvin cycle called C-3?

PGA is first stable intermediate

what do 12 PGA need to have in order to convert it to 12 PGAL (G3P)?

NADPH and ATP from light dependent reactions

what forms glucose?

2 PGAL

What happens to the other 10 PGAL?

converted back to 6 RuBP with help of ATP

What happens after 10 PGAL is converted back to 6 RuBP?

combines with CO2 to start cycle over

what happens in the first stage of C4 Calvin cycle?

carbon fixation stage occurs in mesophyll cell

what happens in the second stage of C4 Calvin cycle?

production of glucose in bundle sheath cells

what happens in the third stage of C4 Calvin cycle?

creation of first stable intermediate (oxaloacetate / 4C) - where the name C4 comes from

in what does C4 Calvin cycle occur?

grasses, corn, sugar cane

what is C4 Calvin cycle a mechanism for?

reducing water loss

when does CAM Calvin cycle carbon fixation occur?

at night

when does the production of glucose occur in the CAM Calvin cycle?

during the day

what is the CAM Calvin cycle an adaptation for?

dry environments