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n the study of personality, the ________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individual’s basic tendencies.
five-factor
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts.
Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.
Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation.
Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
A scientific theory.
In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?
It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.
Gestalt psychology.
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
their own conscious experience.
Introspection
Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?
The process was highly subjective.
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation of phenomena.
A negative correlation means ________.
one variable decreases as the other increases.
The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________.
Margaret Floy Washburn.
________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.
Inter-rater reliability
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
–0.53.
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
case studies.
A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.
independent; dependent.
The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.
circular
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
double-blind
Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?
They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.
The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ________.
reliability.
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.
lateralization.
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron’s cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?
no sensation in his legs and feet.
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell
increase
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
temperature, touch, and pain
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release.
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.
Jeremy has Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy’s ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine.
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body.
