Gdm

Pregnancy is a naturally diabetogenic state characterized by __________.

Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and mild fasting hypoglycemia.

In early pregnancy (<20 weeks), cells are more responsive to __________.

Insulin.

Late pregnancy is characterized by an increase in __________ production and insulin resistance.

Endogenous glucose.

Progesterone increases basal levels of __________.

Plasma insulin.

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) decreases insulin effectiveness and increases __________ resistance.

Insulin.

Risk factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) include elevated BMI and __________.

Advanced maternal age (AMA).

ACOG recommends testing all women who are overweight or obese and have __________ risk factors.

One or more.

The 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT) is typically screened between __________ weeks.

24-28.

Normal lab values for the 1-hour GCT are less than __________ mg/dL.

130-140.

The 3-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) is a __________ test for diagnosing GDM.

Diagnostic.

Failed 1-hour GCT or abnormal 3-hour GTT indicates a diagnosis of __________.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).

Maternal complications of GDM can include hypertension and __________ complications related to fetal macrosomia.

Labor.

Neonatal hypoglycemia and __________ are complications of GDM.

Macrosomia.

Management of GDM includes maintaining euglycemia through diet, exercise, and __________.

Medications.

ACOG suggests using __________ as the first line medication for GDM.

Insulin.

Dietary recommendations for GDM include 33-40% of carbs, 20% protein, and __________ fat.

40%.

Fasting blood sugar goal for women with GDM is less than __________ mg/dL.

If GDM is controlled with medication, delivery is recommended at __________ weeks.

39 0/7 - 39 6/7.

Postpartum, insulin requirements __________.

Decrease.

Counseling on contraceptive options should occur during the __________ period.

Postpartum.