Chapter 17: Revolutions of Industrialization (Notes) 1750 - 1900

Flashcards about the Revolutions of Industrialization

What stopped Europe from collapsing during the Industrial Revolution?

New fuels and new innovations

What is the steam engine?

One of the two most important innovations that led to the industrial revolution; it uses water as energy and can power anything that makes motion, starting in the textile industry.

What were the environmental impacts of the Industrial Revolution, specifically water and air pollution?

Human waste and trash in the water and exhaust in the air

What is the spinning jenny?

Invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves, it increased production by 8x and was human-controlled leading to factories were born.

What were the positives of the spinning jenny?

Increase in production, decrease in cost, increase in tech innovation, and increase in availability of goods

What were some of the changes during the Industrial Revolution?

Factories arrive, increase in urbanization, and shift from agrarian to industrial lifestyle

What were some of the negatives of the Industrial Revolution?

Decrease in need for skilled workers, increase in child labor, and increase in capitalists in the upper class

What was the new middle class composed of?

Bourgeoisie introduced; factor overseers and skilled workers

Who are the lower middle class?

Skilled workers, clerks, secretaries, banks, salespeople, telephone operators

Who are the working class?

Poor city dwellers and factory workers

Who made up the upper class?

Landowners/aristocrats

What was the role of women during the Industrial Revolution?

Making a safe haven, raising/educating their children to be respectable, and able to go shopping

How did the merchant and shipping companies benefit from the Industrial Revolution?

Luxury goods, homes, seat in parliament, rewarded titles and lands

What type of schools were created for children to be successful?

Prep schools

According to socialism, what basic needs should be met?

Food, housing, and healthcare

What did socialists fight for?

Right to organize, abolish child labor, social security, higher wage, collective bargaining

What improved from social protest during the Industrial Revolution?

Wages rise, cheap food import, infant mortality rate decreases, improved sanitation, creates urban parks, unemployment relief

Why was there an economic slowdown in England?

Competition in other places as they industrialize and cheap labor for capitalists

What caused the spread of the Industrial Revolution?

Overpopulation, scarcity of resources, weight of the industrial revolution, capitalists see this as an investment opportunity

Where did Europeans immigrate during the Industrial Revolution?

Americas, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

What were the 'push' factors for immigration during the Industrial Revolution?

Poverty, overcrowding, displacement of farmers and artisans

What were the 'pull' factors for immigration during the Industrial Revolution?

High demand for labor overseas, higher wages, ready availability of land, cheap transportation

Which regions had thorough Industrial Revolutions?

U.S, England, Japan, Russia, Europe

List the similarities and differences of the Industrial Revolution of the U.S vs the rest of the world

Lower class suffered the most, no other country have land grants as much as the U.S

What made U.S citizens look down upon immigrants?

Nativism

What were the advantages of the U.S. during the Industrial Revolution?

Huge size, abundance of natural resources, extensive domestic market, very politically stable

How did the U.S. government contribute to companies during the Industrial Revolution?

Gives tremendous tax breaks to companies, gives huge public land grants for free, make laws to make corporations easy to create, and put little to no regulations

New contributions that made way in the U.S during the Industrial Revolution?

Interchangeable parts, assembly line, and scientific management

What are the two shifts that made changes in Russia?

recognizes they are behind and cannot compete and the workforce becomes educated

Who was the most radical group that takes power in Russia (1917)?

The Bolsheviks

List the Similarity and difference of the Industrial Revolution of Russia vs the rest of the world:

Commitment to building expansive railroad network is similar and difference is starts a political/social revolution

How is Russia the polar opposite of the U.S?

Absolute monarchy, high level of state control over all life, laws come from the czar, no nation wide election, no political party, top of the social pyramid is the czar and its nobles

Why is Latin America considered an 'industrial attempt'?

Politically unstable, social division and structure, decrease in population and livestock, mines damaged, farms abandoned, decrease in food, nothing to trade, poor country, no capital investment

Why is political life in Latin America turbulent?

Conservative forces and Liberal forces

What three significant changes hit the Mexican Revolution?

New constitution, make suffrage, distribution of lands

What did the Mexican Revolution lead to?

Constitution, universal make suffrage, distribute land to the poor, reduce authority of the Catholic church, locals control local affairs (nativism), more worker rights, reduce the wealth and resources of foreign powers