Understanding Stereoisomerism and Geometric Isomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism with same formula, different 3D orientations.

Stereoisomers

Compounds exhibiting stereoisomerism characteristics.

Geometric Isomerism

Also known as cis-trans isomerism in compounds.

Cis-Trans Isomerism

Isomers with different spatial arrangements of atoms.

Restricted Rotation

Limited movement around bonds in a molecule.

Cis Isomer

Functional groups on the same side of a bond.

Trans Isomer

Functional groups on opposite sides of a bond.

Double Bonds

Bonds preventing rotation, leading to isomerism.

Ring Structures

Molecules with restricted bond rotation due to rings.

Maleic Acid

Cis isomer of butenedioic acid with distinct properties.

Fumaric Acid

Trans isomer of butenedioic acid with different properties.

Acyclic Compounds

Non-cyclic compounds that can exhibit geometric isomerism.

Cis-1,2-Dichlorocyclohexane

Achiral compound with an internal plane of symmetry.

Trans-1,2-Dichlorocyclohexane

Chiral compound without a plane of symmetry.

E/Z Notation

System for naming isomers with multiple substituents.

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules

Priority rules for determining E/Z configurations.

Z Isomer

Higher-priority substituents on the same side.

E Isomer

Higher-priority substituents on opposite sides.

Trans Fats

Produced by hydrogenation, harmful to health.

Hydrogenation

Process converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats.

Shelf Life

Duration a product remains usable or safe.

Chiral

Molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images.

Boiling Point

Temperature at which a substance transitions to gas.

2-Pentene

Example of a compound with cis/trans isomerism.

Structural Formula

Representation showing how atoms are arranged in a molecule.