Chapter 3 Individual Differences

Individual Differences

variations in personal traits among people.

Personality

stable traits shaping thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Personality Traits

enduring characteristics of behavior.

Big Five Traits

 Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness.

Proactive Personality

 tendency to influence environment.

Self-Concept

how individuals view themselves.

Self-Awareness

knowing own traits and behaviors.

Awareness of Others

 understanding traits of others.

Self-Esteem

overall self-worth evaluation.

Self-Efficacy

belief in ability to succeed in a task.

Locus of Control

 internal vs. external control belief.

Self-Monitoring

adjusting behavior to fit context.

Type A Personality

competitive, high-strung.

Type B Personality

 relaxed, non-competitive.

Dark Triad

Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy.

Authoritarianism

obedience to authority, rigid values.

Dogmatism

rigid, closed-minded worldview.

Projective Test

assessment revealing hidden motives.

Normative Assessment

structured test comparing to norms.

Emotions

strong feelings toward someone/something.

Moods

prolonged emotional states.

Emotional Labor

regulation of emotions for job performance.

Deep Acting

genuinely changing feelings.

Surface Acting

faking emotions externally.

Emotion/Mood Contagion

spread of feelings to others.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

ability to manage emotions effectively.