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What is the fundamental particle of matter known as?

An atom.

What elements are included in Group 17 of the periodic table?

Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At.

What are the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table often referred to as?

Noble Gases.

What does atomic theory state regarding atoms of a given element?

Atoms of a given element are identical, while atoms of different elements are different.

What determines an element's identity?

The atomic number, which is the number of protons.

What is mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

What do isotopes of an element have in common?

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons.

What is the electron configuration rule for orbitals?

Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.

What is the octet rule in chemistry?

Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell.

What is a cation?

An atom that has lost one or more electrons and has a positive charge.

What is an anion?

An atom that has gained one or more electrons and has a negative charge.

What is covalent bonding?

The sharing of electrons between atoms.

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

Attractions between polar molecules.

What does hydrogen bonding involve?

A strong attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds.

What is solubility?

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

What does the term miscible mean?

Liquids that can mix in all proportions.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.