Insect order flashcards

Collembola

Springtail

• ametabolous

• Morpho:

  • ≤ 6 mm long

  • wingless

  • body is elongated or oblong

  • furcula jumping structure on 4/5th abdominal segment

  • short antennae

  • eye clusters as black patches on head

Zygentoma

SIlverfish

• ametabolous

• Morpho:

  • dorsoventrally flattened

  • nonarch thorax

  • scales

  • filamentous cerci

• found in buildings, under rocks, leaf litter

• preserve in alcohol

Ephemeroptera

Mayflies

• Hemimetabolous

  • non adult flying stage

• Morpho:

  • 2-3 caudal filaments

  • veined wings

  • hindwings reduced or absent

• find in streams & rivers

• preserve in alcohol

Odonata

Dragonflies

• Hemimetabolous

  • aquatic larvae and predatory all stages

• Morpho:

  • short antennae (setaceous)

  • long and slender abdomen

  • large compound eyes & 3 ocelli

  • long membranous wings with many veins

• find near water

• larve in alc, adult pinned

Plecoptera

Stoneflies

• Hemimetabolous

  • aquatic larve

• Morpho:

  • mandibulate mouthparts

  • hind wing & butt are enlarged (formed a lobe)

• find them near water

• preserve in alc

Dermaptera

Earwigs

• Hemimetabolous

• Morpho:

  • mandibulate mouthparts

  • forcep like cerci

  • forewings short and leathery

  • hindwings membraneous

• nocturnal

• find them in debris, under rock, under bark

• Perserve in alc or pin

Orthoptera

Grasshoppers, Crickets

• hemibetabolous

• Morpho:

  • if present forewings leathery, hindwings fan

  • mandibulate mouthparts

  • long filiform antennae

  • enlarged metathorax femur

• find in vegetation

• preserve via pin

Phasmatodea

Walking Sticks

• Hemibetabolous

• Morpho:

  • mandibulate mouthparts

  • prognathous head (inward facing mouth)

  • wings absent and elongated body

Mantodea

Praying Mantises

• Hemimetabolous

• Morpho

  • prothorax longer than mesothorax

  • prothorax legs are grasping arms

  • mandibulate mouthparts

• eggs laid in cases (oothecae)

• find in veg and meadows

• preserve via pinning

Blattodea

Cockroaches & Termites

• Hemimetabolous

• Morpho:

  • dorosventrally flattened

  • tegmina forewing hard

  • cerci prominenet

  • long simple antennae

  • large shield like pronotum

  • termines

• look in litter, bark, dead wood

• roach pinned, termites in alc

Phthiraptera

Lice

• hemimetabolous

• Morpho:

  • sucking and chewing mouthparts

  • wingless and eyeless

  • tarsi for grabbing

  • ectoparasites

• look on birds and mammals

• perserve on slide mount

Thysanoptera

Thrips

• Hemimetabolous

• Morpho:

  • rasping mouthparts and asymmetrical

  • wings are fringed or absent

  • pointy abdomen

• look on plants and leaf litter

• preserve on slide mount

Hemiptera

True Bugs

• Hemimetabolous

• Morpho:

  • piercing sucking mouth

  • mandibles and maxilla make stylet sucking piece

  • forewings half hardened and form the triangles

• lok at ponds, around plants

• preserve either pinned or mounted

Hymenoptera

Bees, ants, wasps

• holometabolous

• Morpho

  • membranous wings when present

  • wings have row of tiny hooks on anterior hindwing region

  • hardbodied with a stinger in the butt

  • have waist

• pinn

Coleoptera

Beetles

• holometabolous

• Morpho:

  • hard forewing and brittle = elytra

  • straight line down the back

  • manibulate mouthparts

• pinned

Megaloptera

Dobsonflies

• Holometabolous

• Morpho

  • hind wings broader at base than forewings

  • longitudinal wing veins with no fork

  • enlarged male mandibles

• pinned

Neuroptera

Lacewings

• holometabolous

• Morpho

  • sucking haustelle mouthparts

  • no ocelli

  • long wings for at edges

• pinned or alc

Trichoptera

Caddisflies

• holometabolous

• Morpho

  • long simple antennae

  • moth like appearance but wings are hairy rather than scaley

• alc

Lepidoptera

Moths & Butterflies

• Holometabolous

• Morpho:

  • scale on wings

  • sucking mouthpart (proboscis)

• pin with wings spread

Mecoptera

Scorpionflies

• holometabolous

• Morpho

  • elongated head below eyes

  • scorpion butt stinger for reproduction

  • sucking mouthpart

• pinned

Siphonaptera

Fleas

• holometabolous

• Morpho

  • wingless

  • laterally compressed

  • covered in hairs pointing toward butt

• slide mount

Diptera

Flies, mostquitoes

• holometabolous

• morpho

  • one pair of membraneous wings

  • NO HINDWINGS only haltere

• pinned

Morphology: Ametabolous

slight or no metamorphosis, only a gradual increase in size

Morphology: Hemimetabolous

3 stages: incomplete metamorphosis with nymphs resembling adults

Morphology: Holometabolous

4 stages: complete metamorphosis with larva pupa and adult

Morphology: Dorsoventrally

dorsal to ventral flattening

Morphology: Setaceous

antennae are bristle-shaped

Morphology: Tegmen (pl. tegmina)

Wings are leathery or parchment for protection

Morphology: Filiform

form of a thread

Morphology: Raptorial

Grasping leg

Morphology: Rasping

feeding mechanism to scrape or cut food

Morphology: Haustellate

mouthparts adapted for sucking or piercing fluids

Morphology: Rostrum

hard beak mouth

Morphology: Proboscis

elongated, flexible, and often tubular appendage mouth

Morphology: Hemelytra

Wing modification involving a thickened wing base and membranous tip

Morphology: Elytra

Wing case of a flying insect

Morphology: Petiole

waist

Morphology: Halteres

small knobbed vibrating organ for balance