Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Whole-report
write down as many letters you see, (4/12). Subjects claim to have SAW more, but lost percept when reported (Can’t report fast enough)
Partial-report
The same type of letter matrix, indicate which row to report AFTER the matrix disappears ¾ of each row was available, so entire field was available.
What is the main differences between whole and partial report
people don’t have enough time to report letters when doing a whole report compared to a partial report.
Why does the partial-report method indicate that more items are stored by some sensory memory than the whole-report method indicates
Performance better for partial because you can focus attention on just one row before percepts fade away
Iconic Memory Experiment between adults and infants
In diamond color changing experiment, adults are asked to identify location of changed color item, (same process as baby, they just look). Adults do better than infants, sharp drop off as set size goes up (items in memory: adults 5.75, infants 5.00) Shows that infants have very similar iconic memory compared to adults.
Iconic Memory
Visual memory. large capacity, (can see many things) short duration (blinking, lasts for about a second)
Blaser and Kaldy
diamond colored picture, baby moves eyes to where something changed if realized changed, 63% accuracy until set size is too large
Memory
demonstrated based on previous experience
How does masking effects influence iconic and echoic memory
Persistence-based memory very brief, easily destroyed by mask, iconic memory is brief and easily disturbed. Masks writes over memory, not enough time to focus on row
What is involved in an immediate serial recall experiment
after given a list of items (digits, letters, words) subject must report them back now. 1. no delay (immediate) 2. In the correct order (serial). 3. No cues (recall, not recognition). Plot % correct against position of items in list
Echoic Memory
auditory/sound memory. longer durations (seconds), smaller capacity, significant for some memory tasks. Left, right, center sounds - same kind of results (better for partial compared to whole report)
Explain the hypothesized role of iconic and echoic memory on the serial position curves produced under immediate serial recall (modality effect)
recency and primacy effect. Iconic (a line, not a curve, yes primacy, but not recency. Echoic (a curve, both primacy and recency). Recency depends on sensory memory, takes time to report all items, visual presentation iconic memory of last item gone before subject tries to report (poor recall). In auditory, echoic memory of last item still present when subject reports it (good recall)
Describe the suffix effect and explain how the properties of echoic memory account for the suffix effect. Explain how phone operators avoid the problems of the suffix effect
Recency, when cue to report is tone, loss of recency when cue is word. Not affected by practice, meaning of word, common/rare, but just that words are different tones. Words act as mask to wipe our last word in list from echoic memory. Phone operators give you number and hang up, goodbye would write over, so hanging up avoids suffix effect.
