Thinking, Language and Intelligence

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cognitive processes, language acquisition, and theories of intelligence.

Algorithm

A methodical rule or procedure that guarantees a solution.

Heuristic

A simple thinking shortcut that allows quick and efficient decisions but may lead to errors.

Insight

A sudden Aha! reaction that provides an instant realization of a solution.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for support for our own views while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Functional Fixation

The inability to view problems from a new angle, which hinders creative problem solving.

Intuition

Fast, automatic feelings and thoughts based on experience, which can lead to overthinking.

Overconfidence

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to ignore evidence that contradicts our beliefs, supporting enduring views.

Framing

The way a question or statement is worded to evoke a desired response.

Creativity

The ability to innovate valuable ideas and produce insights.

Language

Spoken, written, or signed words combined to communicate meaning.

Chomsky's Universal Grammar

A theory that posits an innate set of grammatical principles shared by all languages.

Broca's Area

A region of the brain associated with difficulty in speaking and producing words.

Wernicke's Area

A brain area that, when damaged, poses challenges in understanding language.

General Intelligence (g)

A basic intelligence that predicts abilities in various academic areas.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

A theory that classifies abilities into eight or nine independent intelligences.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

A framework that categorizes intelligence into analytical, creative, and practical domains.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.