bio 102

Diatoms

Ancient diatoms are sometimes turned into petroleum deposits by geologic processes.

Brown algae

Exception: most other listed groups have single-celled members.

Protist

A eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungi.

Gymnosperms

First organisms not requiring water for reproduction.

Vascular tissue

Lignin is found primarily in vascular tissue for support.

Sporophyte phase

Dominates in later-evolving land plants.

Fungi

More closely related to animals than plants.

Mycelium

Group of fungal filaments.

Cyanobacteria

Formed stromatolites.

Free oxygen

Lacking in primitive Earth atmosphere.

Hadean

Precambrian began during the Hadean eon.

Retroviral RNA

Some is translated into viral proteins and some serves as genetic material.

Lactobacillus

Ferments sugars and aids in food production.

Pilus

Used by bacteria in conjugation.

Endosymbiotic theory

Explains chloroplast and mitochondrion origins from bacteria.

Horizontal gene transfer

Non-reproductive DNA transfer in bacteria.

Emerging disease

Recently detected or expanded in humans.

Aerobic respiration

Benefited from rising oxygen levels.

Miller and Urey

Demonstrated the synthesis of organic molecules.

2.1 billion years

Date of first fossilized eukaryotes.

Viruses

Not all viruses in the body are pathogenic.