characteristics of disorders

What are the 3 behavioural characteristics of OCD? What do they mean?

• repetitive compulsions - compelled to repeat a behaviour

• Compulsion to reduce anxiety - anxiety is reduced due to their compulsive obsessions

• Avoidance - keeping away from triggers

Emotional characteristics of OCD and what they mean? x3

• anxiety and distress - powerful anxiety accompanies obsessions and compulsions.

• Accompanying depression - experience depression alongside

• Guilt and disgust - irrational

Cognitive characteristics of OCD and what they mean? x3

• obsessive thoughts - reoccurring unpleasant thoughts

• Cognitive coping strategies - adopting strategies to deal with obsessions (e.g. prayer)

• Insight into excessive anxiety - aware that compulsions are irrational.

Behavioural characteristics of phobias and what they mean? x3

• panic - in response to presence of phobic stimulus

• Avoidance - a lot of effort to avoid phobic stimulus

• Endurance - remains in presence but experience high anxiety

Emotional characteristics of phobias and what they mean? x3

• anxiety - unpleasant state of high arousal

• Fear - immediate response

• Unreasonable - disproportionate to actual danger

Cognitive characteristics of phobias and what they mean? x3

• Selective attention - hard to look away from stimulus as it is easier to react

• Irrational beliefs - beliefs related to stimulus are false

• Cognitive distortions - perception of stimulus may be distorted

4 DSMV categories of depression?

• major depressive disorder

• Persistent depressive disorder

• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Behavioural characteristic of depression and what they mean? x3

• reduced activity levels - withdrawn from social life and do nothing

• Disruption to sleep - changes in sleep pattern

• Aggression and self harm - irritable and prone to hurting others or themself

Emotional characteristics of depression and what they mean? x2

• lowered mood and anger - anger directed at others or themself

• Lowered self esteem - self loathing towards themself

Cognitive characteristics of depression and what they mean? x3

• poor concern - unable to stick with one task or make decisions

• attending to and dwelling on the negative - pay attention to negatives and ignore the positives

• Absolutist thinking - situations all good or all bad