cranium bones

Occipital bone

forms the posterior cranial fossa and the inferoposterior portion of the cranium

Temporal bone

They form part of the sides and base of the cranium, and together with the sphenoid bone, they create the middle cranial fossa

Sphenoid bone

The butterfly-shaped sphenoid bone extends completely across the floor of the middle cranial fossa. This bone forms the majority of the base of the skull and articulates with the occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal, and ethmoid bones.

Ethmoid bone

smallest of the cranial bones and is situated in the anterior cranial fossa. This cube-shaped bone can be divided into four parts: horizontal portion, vertical portion, and two lateral masses (labyrinths). Superior to the nasal cavity and at the midline of the skull between the two orbits 

Frontal bone

vertical and horizontal portion. The vertical (squamous portion) forms the forehead and the anterior vault of the cranium. The horizontal portion forms the roof over each orbit, termed the orbital plate, and the majority of the anterior cranial fossa 

Parietal bone

2 parietal bones form the superior and lateral sides of the cranium 

Vertex

The superior point between the parietal bones. Which is the highest point of the cranium

Squamous suture

which is located on the side of the cranium, joins the squamous portion of the temporal bone to the parietal bone

Coronal suture

runs across the top of the cranium and is the articulation between the frontal and parietal bones. 

sagittal suture

provides the articulation between the parietal bones along the midsagittal plane

Lamboidal suture

posterior in the cranium and joins the occipital and parietal bones

Nasal bone

directly intermediate to the orbits 

Lacrimal bone

 in the anterior part of the medial wall of the orbit. Posterior to the nasal bones and maxilla

Maxilla

the pair of bones that form the center of the face. Runs inferior to the orbits, surrounds the nasal cavity, and forms the hard palate of the mouth

Palatine bone

L-shaped and are located in the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.

Zygomatic bone

create the prominence of the cheek and contribute to the lateral portion of the bony orbit

Inferior nasal conchae

arise from the maxillary bones and project horizontally into the nasal cavity. They can be identified by their scroll-like appearance. 

Vomer

unpaired facial bone located on the midsagittal line. The vomer forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum as it projects superiorly to articulate with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Mandible

largest facial bone. Forms the lower jaw inferior to the maxilla.

Crista Galli

bony projection stemming from the midline of the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, projects superiorly to act as an attachment for the falx cerebri, which is the connective tissue that anchors the brain to the anterior cranial fossa 

Clivus

The basilar portion of occipital bone forms the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and slopes superiorly and anteriorly to meet with the dorsum sella of the sphenoid bone 

Sella turcica

posterior and a little superior to the sphenoid sinus. (which is approximately 2 cm [3/4 inches] anterior and 2 cm [3/4 inches] superior to the external auditory meatus [EAM])

Cribiform plate

fits into the ethmoid notch of the frontal bone. The crista galli extends from here. 

Ethmoid sinus

bilateral but consists of a honeycomb of air cells that lie intermediate to the middle wall of the orbit and the upper lateral wall of the nose.

Sphenoid sinus

bilateral but consists of a honeycomb of air cells that lie intermediate to the middle wall of the orbit and the upper lateral wall of the nose.

Maxillary sinus

pyramid-shaped cavity that is enclosed in the maxilla. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. The roof of the sinus forms the floor of the orbit. Posterior to the maxilla and on both sides of the nose.

Sphenoid sinus

lies posterior and superior to the nasopharynx, enclosed in the body of the sphenoid bone at the level of the zygomatic arch

Frontal sinus

posterior to the frontal bone, superior to the orbit, It may be located on the surface with a triangle between the following three points: the nasion, a point 3 cm above the nasion, and the junction of the medial and middle thirds of the superior orbital margin (SOM

Bony orbit

cone-shaped recesses that contain the globes, extraocular muscles, blood vessels, nerves, adipose and connective tissues, and most of the lacrimal apparatus. The junction of the frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones of the cranium and the lacrimal, maxillary, palatine, and zygomatic bones of the face forms the orbit 

Eye

lie inside the bony orbits on the anterior of the face

Lens

anterior part of the eye posterior to the iris and the pupil and anterior to the vitreous body

Axis

C2 of the vertebral column directly inferior to the atlas at the base of the skull

Pedicles

posterolateral aspect of the vertebral body. Connects the vertebral body to the posterior parts of the vertebra 

Spinous process

middle posterior protrusion of the vertebra 

Foramen magnum

hole at the base of the occipital bone in which the spinal cord passes through

Maxillary sinus

small, air-filled, honeycomb-like cavities located within the mastoid process of the temporal bone, situated posterior to the ear