Applied Computing 1&2 - Programming Unit 1.2

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the Applied Computing 1&2 Unit 1.2 Programming course, focusing on OOP, data structures, validation techniques, and important programming practices.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects', which contain data and methods.

Data Structure

A way of organizing and storing data to enable efficient access and modification.

Validation Techniques

Methods for checking the accuracy and quality of data entered into a software application.

Functional Requirements

Specifications of what the software should do, including behaviors and functionalities.

Non-Functional Requirements

Specifications concerning the software's operation rather than behaviors, such as performance and usability.

Abstraction

An OOP principle that hides complexity by exposing only essential features of a system.

Encapsulation

An OOP principle that combines data and methods into a single unit and restricts access to some components.

Debugging

The process of identifying, analyzing, and removing errors or bugs from the source code.

Low-Code Development

A software development approach that requires minimal coding, allowing for faster application build through visual interfaces.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Code Generators

Tools that automate the coding process by generating code based on developer descriptions.

Naming Conventions

Standard rules for naming variables, methods, and other elements in programming to improve code readability.

IPO (Input-Process-Output) Chart

A design tool used to outline how data is input into a system, processed, and what the output will be.

Pseudocode

A method of designing algorithms using a simplified, human-readable syntax that resembles programming code.

Test Table

A structured format to document the tests on software, defining expected and actual outcomes.

Mock-up

An appearance design tool that reflects design choices without necessarily including accurate data or functionality.

Breakpoints

Debugging markers set in code that pause execution, allowing developers to inspect the program's state.

Binary

A numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all values and is the foundation of computer operations and data representation.

Data Types

Classification of data items that determines the type of value a variable can hold, influencing the operations that can be performed on it, such as integers, floats, strings, etc.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a computation, typically expressed in the form of a sequence of instructions.

Compilation

The process of converting source code written in a high-level programming language into machine code that can be executed by a computer's CPU.

Operating System (OS)

System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs, facilitating user interaction with the computer.

Network Protocol

A set of rules and conventions for communication between network devices, determining how data is transmitted and received across a network.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software that interacts with end-users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data, allowing for data storage, retrieval, and management.

Encryption

The process of converting plaintext data into a coded format (ciphertext) to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality during data transmission or storage.

Software Testing

The practice of evaluating the functionality of a software application to ensure it meets specified requirements and is free of defects, including unit tests, integration tests, and system tests.