Cell Cycle

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Unit 9 Cell Cycle

21 Terms

1
Prokaryote
A simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
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2
Binary Fission
A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the DNA is copied and the cell divides into two identical cells.
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3
Chromosome
Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and protein.
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4
Histone
A protein that helps maintain the shape of a chromosome and aids in packing DNA.
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5
Chromatid
An identical half of a duplicated chromosome.
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6
Centromere
The point where two chromatids are attached together in a chromosome.
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7
Chromatin
Uncoiled DNA that is accessible for reading and directing cell activities.
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8
Diploid
A cell that has two homologous chromosomes, represented as 2n.
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9
Haploid
A cell that has one copy of chromosomes, represented as n.
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10
Somatic Cells
Body cells that are diploid and contain two homologous chromosomes.
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11
Gametes
Haploid reproductive cells (sperm and egg) involved in sexual reproduction.
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12
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
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13
Meiosis
A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, forming gametes.
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14
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is synthesized before division.
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15
Prophase
The first phase of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
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16
Metaphase
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
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17
Anaphase
The stage in mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
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18
Telophase
The final phase of mitosis where the chromosomes reach opposite poles and the cell begins to divide.
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19
Cytokinesis
The process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells.
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20
Crossing-over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
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21
Genetic Variation
Differences in DNA among individuals, which arise from recombination and independent assortment during meiosis.
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