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Cost per die
Cost per die = cost per wafer / (dies per wafer x yield)
Dies per wafer
Dies per wafer = wafer area / die area
Yield
Yield = 1 / (1 + (defects per area x die area / 2))²
Performance
Performance = 1 / execution time
time to run program A is 10s, B is 15s, which is faster and by how much
A is 1.5 times faster than B (15/10)
CPU Time
CPU Time = CPU Clock Cycles x Clock Cycle Time = CPU Clock Cycles / Clock Rate


Clock Cycles
Clock Cycles = Instruction Count x Cycles Per Instructions
CPU Time
CPU Time = Instruction Count x CPI x Clock Cycle Time = Instruction Count x CPI / Clock Rate
Computer A: Cycle Time = 250ps, CPI = 2.0
Computer B: Cycle Time = 500ps, CPI = 1.2
Same ISA
Which is faster, and by how much?

CPI
CPI = Clock Cycles / Instruction Count = summation (CPIi x ICi / IC)

Find the IC, Clock Cycles and average CPI for sequence 1 and 2

CPU Time
CPU Time = Instructions/Program x Clock Cycles/Instruction x Seconds/Clock Cycle
Power
Power = Capacitive load x Voltage² x Frequency
Suppose a new CPU has
85% of capacitive load of old CPU
15% voltage and 15% frequency reduction
Pnew/Pold = ?
