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Bering Land Bridge
Who: | Asia migrants |
What: | A land bridge that connects Eurasia and North America in the area of the present-day Bering Sea between Siberia and Alaska |
When: | During the peak of the last ice age |
Where: | Seward peninsula |
Why: | the ancestors of today's Native Americans reached North America by walking across this land bridge and made their way southward by following passages in the ice as they searched for food. |
Migration
Who: | The First Americans |
What: | During the Last Ice Age, migrants from Asia traveled across the Bering Land Bridge to America. |
When: | 13,000 - 3,000 B.C. |
Where: | From Asia to North America |
Why: | This migration brought the first Americans to North America. |
Maize
Who: | Aztecs |
What: (Summary) | Maize or also known as corn, was a crucial crop for both North and South American natives. |
When: | 6000 B.C - Present day |
Where: | North America |
Why: (Significant) | Maize played a significant from in the developments of native civilizations. It cultivated the ecommical, environmental, and social development of civilizations. |
Aztec Empire
Who: | Aztec Native Americans |
What: (Summary) | A powerful empire created by the Native Americans that would dominate the landscape. |
When: | 1325-1521 |
Where: | Central/Southern Mexico |
Why: (Significant) | To form the aztec triple alliance, and thus collecting tribute from conquered states. |
Inca Empire
Who: | Incas |
What: (Summary) | One of the largest empires in pre-Columbian America, That consisted of a centralized government, extensive road system, and an efficient agricultural system. |
When: | 1438-1535 CE |
Where: | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile |
Why: (Significant) | It was one the most powerful empires in pre-Columbian America that held power until it was colonized by the spanish. |
Mississippian Culture
Who: | This tribe of Native Americans |
What: (Summary) | Mississippian culture was a Native American civilization made up of multiple tribes sharing nearly similar ways of life and tradition. |
When: | 800 CE - 1600 CE |
Where: | Southeast and Mid-Continent of the United States |
Why: (Significant) | Mississippian culture was the last major prehistoric civilization in North America; Large influence in modern time agriculture, architecture and art. |
Cahokia
Who: | A Native American tribe |
What: (Summary) | An Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe that was situated in the Midwest of the United States. |
When: | 950-1350 CE |
Where: | Cahokia, Illinois; around the Mississippi River |
Why: (Significant) | The Cahokians introduced mound building, cultivation of maize, beans, and squash, trade networks, as well as brought an understanding of pre-Columbian indigenous cultures. This is important today. |
“Mound-Building”
Who: | Native Americans, Particularly the Mississippians |
What: (Summary) | Man-made mounds with structures on the top. |
When: | 3500 BC- 1700 AD |
Where: | America |
Why: (Significant) | Mounds were built for religious, defensive and burial purposes. |
“Great Traditions”
Who: | Multiple different societies |
What: (Summary) | A reverence of ancestors and family |
When: | Since humans have been around |
Where: | Across the world |
Why: (Significant) | Put an emphasis on family, meaning larger and more interconnected families |
Hunting-Gathering
Who: | Non-sedentary Native societies. |
What: (Summary) | Native groups that frequently moved in order to follow food sources and gather wild plants instead of relying on agriculture. |
When: | 1500 CE |
Where: | Many Native groups across North America |
Why: (Significant) | Provided a way for Native groups to survive in environments not suitable for agriculture. |
“Swidden”
Who: | Indigenous Americans |
What: (Summary) | Slashing and burning forest and foliage |
When: | 9980 BC- present |
Where: | Americas |
Why: (Significant) | Slash and burn agriculture was used make room for crops while also getting rid of weeds and pests. Slash and burn agriculture helped many different cultures in agriculture. |
Iroquois Confederacy
Who: | Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Tuscarora |
What: (Summary) | Six, originally five, tribes who banded together for protection. |
When: | 1600-1779 |
Where: | New York, US |
Why: (Significant) | They helped in the The French and Indian War. |
Who: | Women |
What: (Summary) | A social system where the women are seen as the head of the household with the most authority. |
When: | 3000 BCE |
Where: | Mosuo, China; as well as other Asian countries such as Indonesia |
Why: (Significant) | Matriarchy marked the beginning of modern-day feminism. It brought and opened up views on gender equality, cultural diversity, gender studies, and social evolution. All which are important in education and social status. |
Who: | Native Americans from the Algonquin tribe. |
What: (Summary) | A North American Native American Tribe of closely related Algonquin speakers. |
When: | 6000 BC-Present |
Where: | Canada |
Why: (Significant) | They formed a tribe of people who were closely related and had many of the same beliefs. |
Who: | Great Lakes |
What: (Summary) | The great lakes were used for transportation |
When: | Discovered in 1615 |
Where: | Near Canada and The United States Border |
Why: (Significant) | The great lake holds a large amount of fresh drinking water |
Who: | Plains Indians |
What: (Summary) | A vast, arid steppe region covered in prairie and grassland. |
When: | A.D. 1,000 |
Where: | North America |
Why: (Significant) | In the Great Plains, small, dispersed groups participated in hunting and gathering. |
Who: | N/A |
What: (Summary) | The Great Basin is a massive piece of land that contains vast forests and mountain ranges while also having lots of dry desert spots. These dry spots are the Mojave and the Sonoran deserts that span into Nevada and California. |
When: | Was first crossed and named in the 18th century |
Where: | United States of America |
Why: (Significant) | Was used by the Native Americans for many generations and still has a few remaining tribes that reside in the area. |
Who: | Indians |
What: (Summary) | The spanish word for both town and village |
When: | 1000 AD |
Where: | North america |
Why: (Significant) | It was used to describe a Tribe that was located in the Southwest who lived in apartment like structures, pueblos, had extensive agriculture and derived from the Anasazi. |
Who: | Chacoan |
What: (Summary) | A valley that was abandoned due to extended droughts and soil exhaustion. |
When: | Named coined in 1778, but used before that. |
Where: | New Mexico, US |
Why: (Significant) | It allowed the Hohokams, Mogollons, and Anasazi to connect with each other. They can all be considered Pueblo peoples. |
Who: | A region |
What: (Summary) | A coastline that borders/lies along the Pacific Ocean. The region comprises the states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and British Columbia. |
When: | ??? |
Where: | Western North America |
Why: (Significant) | A natural western border; Homed many Native American tribes before the Europeans arrived; At one time was the most densely populated area of North America. |
Who: | Natives, English, and Africans |
What: (Summary) | The notation that the natural world was animated by spirits |
When: | 1450-1700 |
Where: | Americas, Europe, and Africa |
Why: (Significant) | It was the foundation to monuments and rituals that were created with purposes of honoring the gods |
Who: | Europeans |
What: (Summary) | When men had all the say in the house and power in society. |
When: | 4000 BCE- present |
Where: | Europe |
Why: (Significant) | Gave way to gender stereotypes, specifically how women are inferior to men. |
Who: | N/A |
What: (Summary) | Were groups of raiders, pirates, and colonizers that traveled throughout Europe, mainly in the North, and controlled these areas for many centuries due to their brutal and cruel nature. |
When: | 9th to the 11th century |
Where: | Europe |
Why: (Significant) | Despite the death and fear they caused, they made up a lot of Ancient European history and the Viking culture still lives today. |
Who: | The state of being a first born child. |
What: (Summary) | A method to be successful in the monarchical world. Being a first born male would mean you have a lot more opportunities. |
When: | 1200-1600 |
Where: | America |
Why: (Significant) | If you were a first born male, you would be able to be a successor and rule. |
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Flashcard (82)