Plant and animal cell organelles

organs?

A cell is

The basic unit of life

An organelle is

a specialized structure in a cell that performs a specific function

What are the six special functions of the organelles?

1. Nutrient intake

2. Movement

3. Growth

4. Gas exchange

5. Waste removal

6. Reproduction

Cytoplasm

The gelatinous liquid inside a cell that holds the organelles in place and protects them from damage.

Cell Membrane

A flexible, double-layered membrane that supports the cell structure. It is semi-permeable and provides protection, transportation of nutrients and waste, and a fixed environment.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic information.

Nucleolus

Produces and assembles ribosomes.

Nuclear membrane

A double layed membrane around the nucleus that separates the contents from the cytoplasm

Nucleoplasm

Provides structural support for chromatin

Chromatin

A condensed structure made of DNA, RNA, and proteins that forms chromosomes.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell that converts stored energy into usable forms (ATP)Ce

Cellular respiration

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + usable energy (ATP)

Ribosomes

Small organelles that make proteins. They can be found free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of tubes that extend from the nucleus. It transports materials throughout the cells and chemicals are made in it’s passageways.

What are the two types of ER?

Rough: has ribosomes

Smooth: no ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Flattened, disc-like structures that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from ER.

Vesicles

The little packages made by the golgi bodies. V

Vacuoles

A membrane-bound sac that encloses fluid and stores stuff like water, salts, proteins, and sugar.

What’s the difference between animal cell vacuoles and plant cell vacuoles?

Animal cell: multiple small vacuoles

Plant cells: a single large vacuole

Centriole

A small organelle found in pairs that aids in cell division. It is only found in animal cells.

Lysosomes

Organelle with enzymes to digest. It is only found in animal cells.

Chloroplasts

A green organelle that contains chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis. It is only found in plant cells.

Cell wall

A rigid structure outside of the cell membrane that provides support and protection. It is only found in plant cells. C

Cytoskeleton

A complex network of proteins and filaments that aids in maintaining shape and mechanical support.