Purposive Communication in English Flashcards

Flashcards for Purposive Communication in English

Purposive Communication in English

Writing, reading, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and for various purposes.

Language

A method of communication, either written or spoken, consisting of the use of words in a conventional and structured way.

Language Acquisition

The process where a child learns their native language subconsciously.

Language Learning

The process of learning a new language involves writing, speaking, reading, and listening.

Language Contact

Where speakers of two or more languages or varieties influence and interact with each other.

Communication

From the Latin word communicare which means “to share” or “make common”.

Sender

The one who crafts a message, idea, or information.

Encoding

The process of converting the idea, thoughts, or information into symbols.

Message

The information, idea, or thought that the speaker wants to convey.

Channel

A means of transmission or distribution of the message.

Interference

A hindrance that prevents effective communication.

Decoding

The receiver’s mental processes of interpreting the message into meaning.

Receiver

The one who receives the message.

Feedback

The receiver’s response or reaction to the sender’s message.

Environment

The physical and environmental space where the communication happens.

Context

The common and shared understanding of the situation.

Kinesics

Body movement.

Oculesics

Eye movement.

Haptics

Touch.

Proxemics

Distance.

Chronemics

Time.

Single Strand Chain

Passing information through a line of persons to its ultimate recipient.

Gossip Chain

Occurs when only one person seeks and tells the information to everyone.

Probability Chain

A random process in which someone transmits the information from person to person.

Cluster Chain

When a person tells the information to selected people who will pass the information to another selected people.

Linear Model

A one-way process with no external feedback.

Aristotle Model

A communication model which can be used to develop public speaking skills or to create propaganda.

Lasswell’s Model

A communication model which defines in which channel that describes the act of process from the sender, its message, channel, receiver, and feedback.

Shannon and Weaver’s Model

Also known as the “Mathematical Theory of Communication” which argues that human communication can be broken down to 6 key concepts.

Berlo’s SCMR Model

A communication model according to sender, channel, message, and receiver.

Interactional Model

A two-way process but more mechanical and has delayed feedback where there is an exchange between the sender and receiver and vice-versa.

Schramm’s Model

A communication model where message is transmitted using a medium from sender to receiver.

Osgood-Schramm’s Model

A communication model that is circular where both parties decode, interpret, and encode the message of each other.

Transactional Model

A two-way process and more simultaneous as it has direct and immediate feedback.

White’s Model

A communication model that is in sequential interaction process that has 8 stages of communication – thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedbacking, and monitoring.

Dance’s Helical Model

A communication model that disagrees with linearity and circularity of the message individually and introduced the concept of time and continuous process in communication.

Barnlund’s Transactional Model

A communication model that emphasizes communication as a multi-layered feedback system for all parties involved and recognizes that anyone can be a sender and receiver anytime.

Multicultural

Refers to a society that contains several racial or ethnic groups.

Intercultural Communication

The interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds.

Interracial Communication

Interaction between different races.

Interethnic Communication

Interaction between different ethnic groups.

International Communication

Interaction between different nations.

Intracultural Communication

Interaction between the same culture, race, or ethnic group.

Frozen or Static Register

Sermons, speeches, oath of allegiances, singing of national anthems

Formal Register

Academic and professional settings

Consultative Register

Doctors-patients, teachers-students, advisers-officers

Casual Register

Friends and family

Intimate Register

Couples

Inner Circle

English as a native language (UK, USA, New Zealand, Canada, Australia)

Outer Circle

English as a second language due to history of colonization (India, Philippines, Pakistan, etc.)

Expanding Circle

English as a foreign language (China, Korea, Japan, etc.)

Linguistic Landscape

The language in the environment, words, and images that are displayed or exposed in public space which causes center of attention.

Top-Down

Created by government

Bottom-Up

Created by private owners

Geosemiotics

The study of social meaning of the material placement of signs and discourses.

Indexicality

The meaning given to a sign.

Dialogicality

Refers to the signs that have double meanings.

Selection

The one who does not see all signs.

Regulatory Signs

Are used by the government to enforce or indicate laws, regulations, or requirements applied at either all times or specific times or places.

Infrastructural Signs

Are used by the business systems of a nation or region for production of goods or production processes.

Commercial Signs

Are used to promote the purchase and use of products and services.

Transgressional Signs

Are signs that accidentally or intentionally violate the conventional semiotics of the place.

Online Landscape

A mode used to display wide-screen content.

Media

Refers to all electronic or digital means and print or artistic visuals to convey a message.

Literacy

The ability to encode and decode symbols, as well as to synthesize and interpret messages.

Media Literacy

The ability to encode and decode symbols transmitted through media and ability to synthesize, analyze, or produce mediated messages.

Media Education

The study of media.

Media Literacy Education

The educational field associated with the teaching of media literacy.

Characteristics of a Multimedia Presentation

Computer-controlled, Integrated, The information is represented digitally, Interactive

Pecha Kucha Presentation

A presentation method that presents images rather than texts in a PowerPoint Presentation. It contains 20 slides that are presented for 20 seconds only – making up 6 minutes and 40 seconds of the total presentation.

Blogging

A platform for online journal or informational website that displays information in the reversed order.

Informative Communication

Focuses about people, events, processes, places, or things.

Persuasive Communication

An act of presenting arguments to move or persuade the audience.

Argumentative Communication

Used to settle disputes and discover the truth.

Manuscript

The reading of word-for-word iteration of a written message.

Memorized

The rote memorization of a written message.

Extemporaneous

A carefully planned and created speech by a speaker, spoken conventionally using brief notes.

Impromptu

The presentation of speech without any preparation in advance.

Inquiry Letter

A letter about asking, requesting, or obtaining specific information to another party whom it addresses.

Internal operational communication

A system where members of an organization communicate with one another to implement business goals.

Job interview

The conversation between the applicant and the employer.

Patient Note

The primary communication tool to other clinicians in treating the patients.

Initial notes

Notes that contains the earliest or first assessments.

Interim notes

Notes that monitors the current status of the patients.

Discharge notes

Reports given once the medication has been stopped or patient has been discharged.

Subjective

The assessment given by the family members or patient themselves.

Objective

The assessment given based on the results of laboratory tests.

Assessment

The diagnosis given by a medical expert.

Plan

The action or procedures to be done to address the diagnosis.

Summary or Straight Lead

Contains the brief summary, usually answers Five W’s (Who, What, When, Where, and Why) and H (How) in one sentence.

Question Lead

Contains a question used for sparking audience interest.

Quotation Lead

Uses direct quotations in first paragraph.

Funny Lead

A lead that is written in a funny way.

Anecdotal Lead

A lead written in a quick or relevant way to draw in the reader.

Descriptive Lead

Contains description of how an event happened instead of retelling what the story is about.

Storytelling

The interactive art using words and actions to reveal the images and elements of a story.

Image description

A detailed explanation of an image that provides textual access to visual content.

SWOT Analysis

A compilation of a business strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats that provides awareness in making a decision.

Formal reports

Are reports prepared in prescribed forms written in a manuscript format.

Informal reports

Are reports that do not follow any prescribed rule or formality.