Cold War and Decolonization Flashcards ( AP World History Unit 8)

Flashcards about the Cold War and decolonization.

Cold War

Global power shifts between the U.S. and USSR; a state of hostility between countries that doesn't result in warfare, from 1945 to 1989/1991.

Capitalism

An economic system with private ownership of capital goods.

Communism

Government ownership of capital goods distributed evenly.

Democratic

A government where citizens vote for leaders in free elections.

Authoritarian

A government run by a dictator.

Soviet Block

Lenin's proposal to make Eastern European countries communist because they were economically unstable.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid to Western Europe to help them in exchange for U.S. democratic support to rebuild Western Europe and prevent the spread of Communism.

Containment/Truman Doctrine

Developed by George Kennan, promised military aid to those threatened by communism.

Arms Race

A race to build bigger, better, and more explosive bombs.

M.A.D. ( Mutual Assured Destruction)

Never fired at another because it would cause mutual assured destruction. A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

Space Race

U.S. funded it to develop new rocket tech to carry atomic weapons.

Non-Aligned Movement

New Asian and African nations who wanted no part of the conflict; wanted to create new social, political, and economic lives.

Marshall Plan

Gave $13 billion to struggling countries, leading to more economic booms.

Decolonization

Colonies gain independence.

Big Three

Great Britain, U.S., USSR; goal was to figure out how to 'fix the world' after WWII.

Yalta Conference

Between allies, conflict over E. Europe with free elections or Soviet control.

Potsdam Conference

Truman wanted free elections in E. Europe; Stalin continued to disagree over free elections.

Mandate System

Goal was to replace the colonial system but it actually led to a continuation of the colonial system, and caused decolonization and anti-imperialist protests.

Cold War

A war with no open warfare but argues over political, social or economic change between the United States and Soviet Union (USSR).

Conflicting Ideologies

Democratic Capitalism vs. Authoritarian Communism.

Iron Curtain

Separating USSR/E. Germany.

Non-Aligned Movement

Groups who did not want to be a part and were able to gain resources from superpowers.

Soviet Block

USSR occupied most of E. Europe and went against communism with Communist governments that served the USSR.

NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Countries against USSR and Communism (including the United States).

Warsaw Pact

Countries against U.S. and democracy (including USSR).

Cuban Missile Crisis

USSR gave their atomic weapons to Cuba, so Cuba can attack U.S. with Soviet weaponry.

Proxy Wars

Indirect fighting inside of U.S. vs USSR conflict.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

USSR sent/occumpied S created nuclear and atomic weapons in Cuba and the U.S. sent/occupied nuclear and atomic weapons in Turkey, they eventually backed down .

Communism in China

Chinese Communist party under Mao Zedong with disagreement between Nationalist and Communist parties.

Great Leap Forward

Plan for rapid industrialization in China with heavy industry that focused on small scale in rural areas.

Great Leap forward

Similar Lin peasants lands where collectivized by the state j 1 . Reeducation Lamps : where people go if they disagree w/the communist policies or revolted against Mao Zedong.

End of Imperialism

Nations gained freedom from negotiated independence and Armed Conflict

Muslim League

Muslim minority who wanted own free state of only muslims (today = Pakistan).

Metropoles

designated imperial territory in distinction from Colonial holdings during age of imperialism.

Cambodia

Khmer Rouge: overthrow you and implemented communism and Vietnam invaded to help people overthrow communist gov.

Mohandas Gandh:

Promoted non violence and civil disobedience, member of Indian national Congress.

Resistance to Power Structures

Homespun movement: encouraged followers to make clothes at home and boycott British textiles ] Nonviolence and Salt march against salt monopoly harvested own salt from Ocean .

End of Cold War:

Strategic Defence initiative (SDI): Ronald Reagan, U.S would shoot down nuclear weapons from space w/ lasers .

New reforms (Gorbachev Policies)

PerestoRia: elements of free enterprise in economy and Glasnot: transparency in political process and grant more freedoms (openness).