Untitled Flashcards Set

Matter

Anything that takes up space and can be weighed.

Pure substance

A substance that is made up of only one type of particle.

Example of a pure substance

Distilled water.

Mixture

Contains more than one type of particle; can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Example of a solid mixture

Cell phones and granola bars.

Example of a liquid mixture

Tea and juice.

Example of a gas mixture

Air.

Mechanical Mixture

A mixture in which the substances are distinguishable from each other.

Example of a mechanical mixture

Breakfast cereal.

Solution

Looks like a pure substance but contains more than one type of particle.

Example of a solution

Clear apple juice.

Alloy

An example of a solution.

Example of an alloy

Tin and lead makes a metal alloy.

Physical properties

Gives us information about what a substance is like.

Qualitative property

Property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value.

Example of qualitative properties

Colour, odour, and texture.

Quantitative property

Property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value.

Examples of quantitative properties

Temperature, height, and mass.

Chemical properties

Describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes to its composition.

Example of chemical properties

Fireworks.

Physical change

The composition of a substance remains exactly the same.

Example of physical change

Cutting up a carrot.

Chemical change

Always accompanied by a change in starting substances and production of new substances.

Density

How much mass is contained in a given unit volume, calculated by mass divided by volume.

Freezing point

A temperature at which a substance turns from liquid to solid.

Melting point

The temperature at which the substance turns from solid to liquid.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas rapidly.

Example of freezing point

0 degrees Celsius for pure water and pure ice.

Example of boiling point

100 degrees Celsius for water.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any means.

Element symbol

Abbreviation for a chemical element.

Example of an element symbol

Nitrogen is written as (N) on the periodic table.

Compound

A pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined.

Metals

Elements that are lustrous, malleable, ductile, and conducts heat and electricity.

Non-metals

Elements, usually gases or dull solids, that do not conduct heat or electricity.

Metalloids

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Chemical family

A column of elements with similar properties on the periodic table.

Alkali metal

Elements in group 1 of the periodic table.

Alkaline earth metals

Elements in group 2 of the periodic table.

Halogens

Elements in group 17 of the periodic table.

Noble gases

Elements in group 18 of the periodic table.

Groups on the periodic table

Vertical columns indicating families with similar properties.

Valence electrons

Same number in groups means similar chemical properties.

Chemical properties in group 1

Very reactive (alkali metals).

Chemical properties in group 17

Very reactive nonmetals (halogens).

Chemical properties in group 18

Inert, non-reactive gases (noble gases).

Periods on the periodic table

Horizontal rows with a total of 7; properties change gradually across the row.

Trends across a period

Left to right: less metallic, smaller atoms, higher electronegativity.

Trends across a period

Right to left: more metallic, larger atoms, lower electronegativity.