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what is fungi’s classification
Kingdom fungi is in group Opisthokonta and supergroup unikonta
what makes up cell walls
chitin
fungi are ____trophic
hetero
fungi are made of _____ which are thread-like cytoplasmic filaments
hyphae
in most fungi, hypha split into walled called
septa
fungi without septa are ____ or a septate hyphae
coenocytic
a group of hyphae make up the fungal body called
mycelium
fungi have a dominant _____ stage
haploid
what phyla are in the kingdom fungi (5)
basiciomycota
ascomycota
glomeromycota
zygomycota
chytridiomycota
how do zygomycetes reproduce eat structure and what is their defining characteristic
both
saprophytic
separate hyphae / coenocytic
zygospores/ zygosporangium
zygosporangium is ____ reproducing but makes sporangia which reproduce _____
sexually
asexually
ascomycota reproduction eat defining characteristic structure
both
mostly saprophytic some are parasitic
condiophores and advocate
sac fungi
ascocarp reproduce ____ and make _____ while condiophores reproduce _____ and make _____
sexually, ascospores
asexually, conidia
basidiomycota reproduction, eat, defining characteristic, structure
sexually, saprophytic, basidiocarp/basidia basic mushrooms
basidiocarp makes/ is the ______ and basidia makes/ is the ____
fruiting body, basidiospores
what are the 3 types of lichen
crutose
foliose
fruticose
how do we classify animals (5)
tissues and organs
symmetry
embryonic development features
presence/absence/ type of body cavity
DNA evidence
what is a diploblastic cell
a cell with 2 layers (endoderm and ectoderm) ex: cnidarians
what is a triploblastic cell
a cell with 3 layers (endoderm ectoderm and mesoderm)
what are phylum porifera examples, characters, and how do they reproduce
sponges
asymmetrical/sessile
mostly sexual with some budding/fragmentation
sponges draw water in via incurrent pores called
porocytes or ostia
what is a spongocoel
a cavity within a sponge
what is a choanocyte
a collar cell used for filter feeding (has flagella) in sponges
what is an amoebocyte
a motile cell with amoeboid movement in sponges (collect food, secrete calcium carbonate and or silicon dioxide)
what is an osculum
where water exits a sponge
what are the taxa in phylum porifera
silicea (glass sponge, made of silicon)
calcarea (all others, made of calcium)
what is totipotency
any cell can become any other cell in sponges
what are features of phylum cnidaria
radially symmetric
diplomatic
cnidocytes (sting)
primitive nervous system
what anatomical features do cnidaria have
tentacles
statocysts (sense cells)
or cnidocytes and nematocytes (stinging organelles)
what is a polyp
one of 2 main body forms of cnidarians, asexual and sessile
what is a medusa
one of 2 main body forms of cnidarians, sexual and is motile
____________ have a dominant polyp stage,
__________have a dominant medusa stage
anthozoa
medusozoa
what are the 3 types of medusozoans
hydrozoa
scyphozoa
cubozoa
what are qualities of hydrozoans
alteration of mostly polyp and medusal stages, mostly asexual ex: hydra/obelia
what are the qualities of scyphozoans
both polyp and medusa but mostly medusa, reproduce sexually as medusa and asexually as polyps ex: true jellyfish
what are qualities of cubozoans
only medusal, highly venomous ex: box jellyfish
what is the difference between plasmogamy vs karyogamy
plasmogomy fuses the cytoplasm but not nuclei, karyogomy fuses the nuclei
the ectoderm is the _____ layer and becomes the _____
outer; skin and nervous system
the _____ is the innermost layer and becomes the ______
endoderm; gut liver and lungs
the ______ is the middle layer and becomes the ________
middle; skeleton, heart, kidney, muscle, and blood
the _______ do not have a coelom/ acoelomate
platyhelminthes
_____ and ____ are in the ecdysozoan
nematoda arthropoda
the 4 lophotrochozoans are
platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, and brachiopoda
ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans are ______stomes
proto
in protostomes the blastophore becomes the ____
mouth
in deuterostomes the blastopore becomes the ____
anus
What is the classification for sponges
Supergroup unikonta kingdom animalia phylum porifera
what is the classification for jellyfish
supergroup unikonta, kingdom animalia, phylum phylum cnidaria
what phyla do not have tissues at all
porifera
what are the 3 types of body cavity structures that can form in triploblastic organisms
acoelomate (no body cavity)
pseudocoelomate (between mesoderm and endoderm attached at anus)
coelomate (completely lined with mesoderm)
cnidarians are _____blastic
diplo
what do both silicea porifera and calcarea porifera have
spicules
what is an ecdysozoan?
a bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic protostome organism that molts
roundworms are ______coelomate
pseudo
what are examples of nematoda
vinegar eels and ascaris
what animals are in the phylum arthropoda
arachnids crustaceans insects centipedes and millipedes
what are shared characteristics in arthropoda
jointed appendages
segmented body
chitin exoskeleton
open circulatory system
complete gut
nervous system
what organisms are in the subphylum myriapoda
centipedes and millipedes
how do centipedes and millipedes breathe
spiracles and tracheae
centipedes are ___vorous and millipedes are _____vorous
carni; herbi
what are chelicerae
pinchers or fangs
subphylum chelicerata in phylum arthropoda has what organisms
mites, horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks
what are the body regions in chelicerata
cephalothorax and abdomen
how do chelicerae’s breathe
gills or book lungs
subphylum pancrustacea in phylum arthropoda has which organisms
insects/ hexapoda and crustaceans
what do all pancrustaceans (insects and crustaceans) have
heavily segmented, compound eyes, developed jaws, 3 body segments (head thorax and abdomen)
hexapods have ___ pairs of walking legs
3
crustaceans have __ pairs of antennae
2
crustaceans have ___ pairs of walking legs
>3
what are the small antennae called
antennules on crayfish
what is the rostrum
the smaller claw used for walking on crayfish
What are swimmerets
the small walking legs on crayfish
the difference between swimmerets and walking legs is that
swimmeretes are smaller
they carapace
shields the head and thorax on a crayfish
what are defining traits in group lophotrochozoa
spiral cell division in embryos
cilliated tentacles around the mouth for feeding
larval stage with spherical body, cilia, and a free-moving body
what is a lophophore
a crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth used for feeding
what is a trochophore
a larval stage of annelids and mollusks with a spherical body, cilia, and free movement
what is an example of an acoelomate
platyhelminthes or flatworm
platyhelminthes are ____
asexual
who was the first example of cephalization
phylum platyhelminthes
what are the groups in phylum platyhelminthes
catenulida and rhabditophora
what is planarians classification
kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class turbellaria
what is the classification for flukes
kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class trematoda
what is the classification for tapeworms
kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class cestoda
what is the auricle
sensory head on planarians
phylum annelida has what characteristics
truly segmented body cavity
closed circulatory system
have trochophore larvae
what classes are in the phylum annelida
errantia
sedentaria
what are parapodia
legs on annelids (errantia) with bristles for walking
what are characteristics of phylum brachiopoda
sessile
coelomate
lophophore and pedicle (foot for anchoring)
radial cleavage
open circulatory system
what classes are in phylum brachiopoda
articulata and inarticulata
what are the differences between class inarticulata and articulata
simple vs complex hinge
pedicle in soft sand vs rocks
setae bristles vs none
articulata have ____ to lock the shells
teeth
phylum molluska has which characteristics
foot
mantle
radula
open circulatory system
complete gut
what is a radula
an organ that scrapes in food, in phylum molluska
what are popyacaphora known as and what are their characteristics
chiton; segmented shell with 8 plates and no true segmentation
what is in class gastropoda and what are their characteristics
snails, slugs, nudibranchs
torsion (180 rotation of mass/ snail shell), radula
what are characteristics and examples of bivalvia
clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels
two hinged valves, siphons, 4 oversized gills
what are characteristics and examples of class cephalopoda
predators, chromatophors (pigmented camouflage cells), closed circulatory system with 3 hearts, eyes, most intelligent
chambered nautilus, squid, octopi
which class in phylum molluska has a closed circulatory system
class cephalopoda
what characteristics to annelida share with the mollusks
closed circulatory system
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