Lab exam 2

what is fungi’s classification

Kingdom fungi is in group Opisthokonta and supergroup unikonta

what makes up cell walls

chitin

fungi are ____trophic

hetero

fungi are made of _____ which are thread-like cytoplasmic filaments

hyphae

in most fungi, hypha split into walled called

septa

fungi without septa are ____ or a septate hyphae

coenocytic

a group of hyphae make up the fungal body called

mycelium

fungi have a dominant _____ stage

haploid

what phyla are in the kingdom fungi (5)

basiciomycota

ascomycota

glomeromycota

zygomycota

chytridiomycota

how do zygomycetes reproduce eat structure and what is their defining characteristic

both

saprophytic

separate hyphae / coenocytic

zygospores/ zygosporangium

zygosporangium is ____ reproducing but makes sporangia which reproduce _____

sexually

asexually

ascomycota reproduction eat defining characteristic structure

both

mostly saprophytic some are parasitic

condiophores and advocate

sac fungi

ascocarp reproduce ____ and make _____ while condiophores reproduce _____ and make _____

sexually, ascospores

asexually, conidia

basidiomycota reproduction, eat, defining characteristic, structure

sexually, saprophytic, basidiocarp/basidia basic mushrooms

basidiocarp makes/ is the ______ and basidia makes/ is the ____

fruiting body, basidiospores

what are the 3 types of lichen

crutose

foliose

fruticose

how do we classify animals (5)

tissues and organs

symmetry

embryonic development features

presence/absence/ type of body cavity

DNA evidence

what is a diploblastic cell

a cell with 2 layers (endoderm and ectoderm) ex: cnidarians

what is a triploblastic cell

a cell with 3 layers (endoderm ectoderm and mesoderm)

what are phylum porifera examples, characters, and how do they reproduce

sponges

asymmetrical/sessile

mostly sexual with some budding/fragmentation

sponges draw water in via incurrent pores called

porocytes or ostia

what is a spongocoel

a cavity within a sponge

what is a choanocyte

a collar cell used for filter feeding (has flagella) in sponges

what is an amoebocyte

a motile cell with amoeboid movement in sponges (collect food, secrete calcium carbonate and or silicon dioxide)

what is an osculum

where water exits a sponge

what are the taxa in phylum porifera

silicea (glass sponge, made of silicon)

calcarea (all others, made of calcium)

what is totipotency

any cell can become any other cell in sponges

what are features of phylum cnidaria

radially symmetric

diplomatic

cnidocytes (sting)

primitive nervous system

what anatomical features do cnidaria have

tentacles

statocysts (sense cells)

or cnidocytes and nematocytes (stinging organelles)

what is a polyp

one of 2 main body forms of cnidarians, asexual and sessile

what is a medusa

one of 2 main body forms of cnidarians, sexual and is motile

____________ have a dominant polyp stage,

__________have a dominant medusa stage

anthozoa

medusozoa

what are the 3 types of medusozoans

hydrozoa

scyphozoa

cubozoa

what are qualities of hydrozoans

alteration of mostly polyp and medusal stages, mostly asexual ex: hydra/obelia

what are the qualities of scyphozoans

both polyp and medusa but mostly medusa, reproduce sexually as medusa and asexually as polyps ex: true jellyfish

what are qualities of cubozoans

only medusal, highly venomous ex: box jellyfish

what is the difference between plasmogamy vs karyogamy

plasmogomy fuses the cytoplasm but not nuclei, karyogomy fuses the nuclei

the ectoderm is the _____ layer and becomes the _____

outer; skin and nervous system

the _____ is the innermost layer and becomes the ______

endoderm; gut liver and lungs

the ______ is the middle layer and becomes the ________

middle; skeleton, heart, kidney, muscle, and blood

the _______ do not have a coelom/ acoelomate

platyhelminthes

_____ and ____ are in the ecdysozoan

nematoda arthropoda

the 4 lophotrochozoans are

platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, and brachiopoda

ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans are ______stomes

proto

in protostomes the blastophore becomes the ____

mouth

in deuterostomes the blastopore becomes the ____

anus

What is the classification for sponges

Supergroup unikonta kingdom animalia phylum porifera

what is the classification for jellyfish

supergroup unikonta, kingdom animalia, phylum phylum cnidaria

what phyla do not have tissues at all

porifera

what are the 3 types of body cavity structures that can form in triploblastic organisms

acoelomate (no body cavity)

pseudocoelomate (between mesoderm and endoderm attached at anus)

coelomate (completely lined with mesoderm)

cnidarians are _____blastic

diplo

what do both silicea porifera and calcarea porifera have

spicules

what is an ecdysozoan?

a bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic protostome organism that molts

roundworms are ______coelomate

pseudo

what are examples of nematoda

vinegar eels and ascaris

what animals are in the phylum arthropoda

arachnids crustaceans insects centipedes and millipedes

what are shared characteristics in arthropoda

jointed appendages

segmented body

chitin exoskeleton

open circulatory system

complete gut

nervous system

what organisms are in the subphylum myriapoda

centipedes and millipedes

how do centipedes and millipedes breathe

spiracles and tracheae

centipedes are ___vorous and millipedes are _____vorous

carni; herbi

what are chelicerae

pinchers or fangs

subphylum chelicerata in phylum arthropoda has what organisms

mites, horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks

what are the body regions in chelicerata

cephalothorax and abdomen

how do chelicerae’s breathe

gills or book lungs

subphylum pancrustacea in phylum arthropoda has which organisms

insects/ hexapoda and crustaceans

what do all pancrustaceans (insects and crustaceans) have

heavily segmented, compound eyes, developed jaws, 3 body segments (head thorax and abdomen)

hexapods have ___ pairs of walking legs

3

crustaceans have __ pairs of antennae

2

crustaceans have ___ pairs of walking legs

>3

what are the small antennae called

antennules on crayfish

what is the rostrum

the smaller claw used for walking on crayfish

What are swimmerets

the small walking legs on crayfish

the difference between swimmerets and walking legs is that

swimmeretes are smaller

they carapace

shields the head and thorax on a crayfish

what are defining traits in group lophotrochozoa

spiral cell division in embryos

cilliated tentacles around the mouth for feeding

larval stage with spherical body, cilia, and a free-moving body

what is a lophophore

a crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth used for feeding

what is a trochophore

a larval stage of annelids and mollusks with a spherical body, cilia, and free movement

what is an example of an acoelomate

platyhelminthes or flatworm

platyhelminthes are ____

asexual

who was the first example of cephalization

phylum platyhelminthes

what are the groups in phylum platyhelminthes

catenulida and rhabditophora

what is planarians classification

kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class turbellaria

what is the classification for flukes

kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class trematoda

what is the classification for tapeworms

kingdom animalia, subkingdom eumetazoa, super phylum platyzoa, phylum platyhelminthes, group rhabditophora, class cestoda

what is the auricle

sensory head on planarians

phylum annelida has what characteristics

truly segmented body cavity

closed circulatory system

have trochophore larvae

what classes are in the phylum annelida

errantia

sedentaria

what are parapodia

legs on annelids (errantia) with bristles for walking

what are characteristics of phylum brachiopoda

sessile

coelomate

lophophore and pedicle (foot for anchoring)

radial cleavage

open circulatory system

what classes are in phylum brachiopoda

articulata and inarticulata

what are the differences between class inarticulata and articulata

simple vs complex hinge

pedicle in soft sand vs rocks

setae bristles vs none

articulata have ____ to lock the shells

teeth

phylum molluska has which characteristics

foot

mantle

radula

open circulatory system

complete gut

what is a radula

an organ that scrapes in food, in phylum molluska

what are popyacaphora known as and what are their characteristics

chiton; segmented shell with 8 plates and no true segmentation

what is in class gastropoda and what are their characteristics

snails, slugs, nudibranchs

torsion (180 rotation of mass/ snail shell), radula

what are characteristics and examples of bivalvia

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels

two hinged valves, siphons, 4 oversized gills

what are characteristics and examples of class cephalopoda

predators, chromatophors (pigmented camouflage cells), closed circulatory system with 3 hearts, eyes, most intelligent

chambered nautilus, squid, octopi

which class in phylum molluska has a closed circulatory system

class cephalopoda

what characteristics to annelida share with the mollusks

closed circulatory system