DRRR

DRRR

A systematic process involving identifying hazards, assessing vulnerabilities, and implementing strategies to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage. It combines preparedness, response, and recovery/mitigation.

DRRM Act of 2010 (Republic Act 10121)

The country's guiding policy framework, addressing Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Rehabilitation and Recovery.

disaster risk

hazard×exposure×vulnerability

Hazard

A potential damaging physical event.

Exposure

The presence of people, infrastructure, housing, economic activities, cultural heritage, and environmental assets in hazard-prone areas.

Vulnerability

The degree to which a system or population is susceptible to harm due to lack of capacity, resources, or preparation.

Physical Nature

Extreme expression of natural energy release (e.g., tectonic shifts, atmospheric processes).

Psychological Nature

Causes intense stress, fear, anxiety, and potentially Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Socio-Cultural Nature

Disrupts community fabric, traditions, rituals, and can lead to displacement and loss of identity, but can also catalyze solidarity.

Economic Nature

Causes direct losses (infrastructure destruction) and indirect losses (lost income, disrupted trade).

Political Nature

Shaped by governance, leadership, and decision-making; weak governance can amplify disaster impacts.

Biological Nature

Caused by harmful organisms (viruses, bacteria), unfolding over time, and often interacting with other disasters (e.g., contaminated water after floods).

exposure and vulnerability

Two critical components of disaster risk.

Land-use planning and zoning

Prohibiting construction in high-risk areas (floodplains, fault lines).

Relocation

Moving communities away from high-risk areas.

Buffer zones

Using natural barriers like reforestation and mangroves (ecosystem-based DRR).

Physical Vulnerability

Susceptibility of the built environment. Key characteristics include poor Quality of Construction, weak Design and Engineering Standards, Proximity to Hazard Zones, Lack of Protective Infrastructure(seawalls, dikes), and Infrastructure Interdependence(cascading failures).

Social Vulnerability

Susceptibility based on demographic, health, and educational characteristics. Key dimensions include Age and Life Stage (children, elderly), Disability or Chronic Illness, Lack of Education and Awareness, Social Isolation and Marginalization, and Gender and Care Responsibilities.

Economic Vulnerability

Susceptibility due to limited financial resources and unstable livelihoods. Key dimensions include Low-Income Households, Dependence on a Single Livelihood Source, Informal Workers and Daily Wage Earners, Lack of Insurance or Financial Protection, and Inequitable Access to Aid and Resources.

Environmental Vulnerability

Susceptibility of natural systems. Driven by Deforestation and Land Degradation, Loss of Coastal Ecosystems (reefs, mangroves), Polluted and Altered Rivers, and Climate Change and Environmental Stress.

Institutional Vulnerability

Weaknesses in governance structures, policies, and management systems. Key dimensions include Weak Governance and Corruption, Lack of Disaster Preparedness and Planning, Limited Coordination Among Agencies, Exclusion and Inequality in Decision-Making, and Short-Term vs. Long-Term Focus (response without prevention).

Psychological Vulnerability

Emotional and mental factors influencing response. Includes Fear and Anxiety Before a Disaster, Stress and Panic During Emergencies, Trauma and Grief After Disasters, and Influence on Decision-Making

Ring of Fire

region with high earthquake and volcanic activity.

Natural disasters

caused by natural sources.

man-made

Caused by human activities