Theories of Emotion

Common sense theory of emotion

a stimulus leads to an emotion, which then leads to bodily arousal

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

• I am crying; therefore, I must be sad

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes & intensifies the emotion

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time

Cognitive Arousal Theory

both the physical arousal and labeling of that arousal based on cues from environment must occur before emotion is experienced

Cognitive-mediational theory

a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction

Misattribution of arousal

mistaking an emotion for another because of the situation you’re in?

• scary bridge interview

Piaget’s views on how language develops

concepts preceded & aided the development of language

Vygotsky’s views on language development

language actually helps develop concepts & can help a child learn to control behavior

• including social behavior

Carol Dweck’s Self-Theory: view on the self

the beliefs a person holds about his or her own abilities and relationships w/ others

• who believe intelligence and abilities can develop through effort, persistence, and effective strategies tend to achieve greater success than those who view intelligence as a fixed trait.

3 universal needs in self-determination theory

• autonomy

• competence

• relatedness

basal metabolic rate

body’s resting rate of energy output, even at rest we are consuming energy

behavior feedback effect

tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions

What is the difference between an optimistic and pessimistic explanatory style?

• pessimists

  • expect bad; attribute poor performance to a basic lack of ability or situations beyond their control

• optimists

  • expect that they have more control; cope better w/ stressful events, enjoy better health = tends to run in family, how you grow up

    • get better grades

    • respond to setbacks w/ more productive strategies

biofeedback

looking at different measures: resting heart rate? what actions lead to an increase or decrease??

theory of reasoned action

effective changes require:

• specific intentions about behavior change

• positive attitude about new behavior

  • perceptions of social group support

theory of planned behavior

effective changes require: ALL reasoned actions and adds

• perceptions of control over the outcome: does the individual believe they have the ability? SELF EFFICACY — internal vs. external locus of control

  • external: higher power => low degree of perceived behavioral control…vice versa