Respiration + Excretion Bio 12

What is inspiration and expiration

Inspiration: breathing air in

Expiration: breathing air out

What does nose have two of

Two nasal cavities separated by a septum (basically like two tubes).

The two nasal cavities then branch out to smaller tubes (eustachian tubes) to ears and nose

What are on top of nasal cavities

Scent receptors

Whats at the front of voicebox

Adam’s Apple at front corner

Whats another word for vocal chords

Elastic ligaments

Describe the cilia activity in the trachea

Cilia beat upwards to move up mucus, dust, particles inhaled/swallowed

Smoking can destroy cilia

What’s tracheostomy

Operation where trachea cut below blockage, and tube is inserted

What’s powers breathing and the process of breathing

Negative pressure/air pressure less than atmospheric air pressure. Essentially get this by contracting diaphragm+ intercostal muscles to inc thoracic cavity

Inhalation: Diaphragm contract (goes flat)→ Intercostal muscles contract→ ribs pulled up and out to inc thoracic cavity space → negative pressure happens→ air naturally fills lungs

Exhalation: Diaphragm relax (goes dome shape)→ move up and intercostal muscles relax → ribs go down and inwards→ dec vol in thoracic cavity→ expiration (air out of lungs)

What happens to intercostal muscles when u breath in

Intercostal muscles contract→ ribs pulled up and out to inc thoracic cavity space → negative pressure happens

Air naturally comes into lungs to fill

Diaphragm relax→ move up→intercostal muscles relax → ribs go down and inwards→ dec vol in thoracic cavity→ expiration (air out of lungs)

What is tidal volume and vital capacity

Tidal volume= amnt air/breath. 500mL

Vital capacity = tidal volume max. 6000mL

What happens in dead air spaces (the bronchioles) and what is residual air

250mL gets stuck in dead air spaces, dont reach alveoli and stuck in bronchioles

Residual air=air staying in lungs after exhale