Immunology Exam 1

Immunological barriers, innate immune system, adaptive immune system, and immunological memory

What are the four stages that comprise the immune system?

Mechanical, Chemical, and Microbiological

What are the three types of immunological barriers?

Skin, flow of tears/saliva/urine, cilia

What are some examples of mechanical barriers?

antimicrobial peptides and low pH in gut

What are some examples of chemical barriers?

mutualistic microbes (normal flora)

What are microbiological barriers?

Inflammation and Phagocytosis

What is the function of the 2nd line of defense (innate immune system)?

all tissues

Where is the innate immune system be present?

complement

What soluble proteins of the innate immune system promote inflammation?

macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, granulocytes

What cells are involved in the 2nd line of defense (innate immune system)?

Macrophages and neutrophils

What cells of the innate immune system are ‘professional eaters’?

Macrophages

Resident or wandering, what innate immune system cell recognizes pathogens, releases inflammatory cytokines, recruits immune cells, and phagocytoses pathogens?

vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

What allows fluid, proteins, and inflammatory cells to leave blood and enter tissue during inflammation?

Neutrophils

Recruited to the SOI by inflammation, what innate immune system cell phagocytoses 6-8 bacteria before exploding, sending out a NET?

Natural Killer (NK) cells

What innate immune system cell kill virus infected cells, tumor cells, and stressed cells?

Lymphoid tissues

Where is the adaptive immune system found?

Lymphocytes (B and T cells)

What are the main cells used in the adaptive immune system?

Cytotoxic (CD8) T Cells

What T cells kill virus infected cells?

Helper (CD4) T Cells

What T cells help activate macrophages and B cells?

plasma cells

When B cells are activated, what do they differentiate into?

Opsonize, activate complement, and neutralize

Plasma cells secrete antibodies to produce what functions?