Endocrine System (Textbook)

Physician specializing in disorders of the endocrine glands.

Endocrinologist

Hormone that stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.

Adrenocorticotropic

The ___________ hormone stimulates ovulation in the female.

luteinizing

The ___________ gland secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.

pituitary

The ___________ hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.

adrenocorticotropic

The ____________ gland functions as part of the endocrine system by secreting a hormone that functions as part of the immune system.

thymus

The hormone _________ works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

calcitonin

Cortisol is secreted by the ____________

adrenal cortex

The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is increased by the hormone ___________

glucagon

Norepinephrine is secreted by the ___________

adrenal medulla

The hormone ___________ stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

oxytocin

The development of the male secondary sex characteristics is stimulated by the hormone ___________

testosterone

Underactive thyroid

hypothyroidism

Excessive thirst

polydipsia

Abnormal enlargement of the hands and feet

acromegaly

Inflammation of the adrenal glands

adrenalitis

A condition marked by the excessive secretion of insulin

hyperinsulinism

The condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands.

hypogonadism

The surgical removal of the thymus gland.

thymectomy

The condition of excessive mammary development in the male.

gynecomastia

Abnormally low concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

hypoglycemia

Excessive urination

polyuria

A rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called __________

acromegaly

An abnormal, benign enlargement of the thyroid gland is called __________

goiter

The condition ___________ is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth.

hypocalcemia

Excessive hunger

polyphagia

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

hypophysectomy

The surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

parathyroidectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas

pancreatectomy

The synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body…

cortisone

A blood test that measures the average glucose level over the previous 3 to 4 months…

Hemoglobin A1c testing

The removal of the pituitary gland…

hypophysectomy

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

DM

diabetes mellitus

FBS

fasting blood sugar

HGH

human growth hormone

OGTT

oral glucose tolerance test

What term describes mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, which are normally found in the blood?

electrolytes

Which hormone helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone

Galactorrhea is a condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously (T/F)

true

Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high blood sugar (T/F)

false

A gamete is a hormone that influences sexual characteristics (T/F)

false

Hank Greene, an airline pilot, is having difficulty with the sleep-wakefulness portions of his circadian cycle. The pineal gland secretes the hormone __________, which influences this cycle.

melatonin

During the second half of the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum releases the hormone __________ to complete preparations for pregnancy.

progesterone

Dr. Davis is a(n) __________. He specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands.

endocrinologist

Clyde Orton was diagnosed as having abnormally low levels of calcium in his blood. This condition is known as __________

hypocalcemia

The hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone in adults is known as _________

acromegaly

The growth hormone is secreted by the ________ lobe of the pituitary gland.

anterior

Type 2 diabetes is an insulin _________ disorder.

resistance

Insufficient production of ADH causes ____________

diabetes insipidus

__________ is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.

Cushing’s syndrome

A relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism is called __________

thyroid storm

The four __________ glands, each of which is about the size of a grain of rice, are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

parathyroid

A(n) ___________ is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin.

prolactinoma

The average blood glucose levels over the past 3 weeks is measured by the ___________

fructosamine

The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine (T3) and _________ (T4).

thyroxine

Damage to the retina of the eye caused by mellitus is known as diabetic ____________

retinopathy

Abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit is known as ___________

exophthalmos

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels (T/F)

false

The hormone melatonin is secreted by the adrenal cortex (T/F)

false

An insulinoma is a malignant tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting insluin (T/F)

false

The overproduction of thyroid hormones

hyperthyroidism

Hormones called _________ are produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream.

neurohormones

A/An _________ is a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that is a functioning tumor (secreting hormones) or a nonfunctioning tumor (not secreting hormones).

pituitary adenoma

_________ disease, which is an autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, is often characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, or both.

Graves’

The diabetic emergency caused by very high blood glucose is a/an __________

diabetic coma

The hormone _________, which is secreted by the pineal gland, influences the sleep-wakefulness cycles.

melatonin

During his nursing studies, Rodney Milne learned that the __________ hormone helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys.

antidiuretic

Mrs. Wei’s symptoms included chronic, worsening fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss because her adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol. Her doctor diagnosed this condition as ___________

Addison’s disease

Linda Thomas was diagnosed as having a/an ___________. This is a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting insulin.

insulinoma

Patrick Edward has the autoimmune disorder known as ___________ in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland.

Hashimoto’s disease

Because Joe Dean’s ultimate goal was to swim in the Olympics, he was tempted to make illegal use of __________ steroids to increase his strength and muscle mass.

anabolic

Holly Yates was surprised to learn that _________, which is a hormone secreted by fat cells, travels to the brain and controls the balance of food intake and energy expenditure.

leptin

A gamete is a hormone that influences sexual characteristics (T/F)

false

Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates ovulation in the female (T/F)

true

Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high blood sugar (T/F)

false

Epinephrine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to mental stress or physical injury (T/F)

true

What hormone is secreted in response to low blood sugar levels?

glucagon