Space exploration (i MIGHT just off myself)

What happened to Copernicus’s heliocentric model

It wasn’t 100% complete and was later revised by several scientists

What did Kepler propose

That the motion of celestial bodies would be more accurate if the orbits were elliptical rather than circular

What does the ellipse shape look like

A squashed circle

The planets of our solar system move in what around the sun

Ellipses

What are the 3 observations Galileo make with his telescope

The moon has craters on the surface, the sun has sunspots that change over time (suggesting that the sun rotates), suns are much farther away than we previously thought

How many years later did Kepler propose his ideas

80 years later

What did newton explain

Why the planets orbit in ellipses

What was newtons universal law of gravity

Gravity between objects pulls them together. When no forces act on an object it will move in a straight line at a constant speed.

What is universal gravitation

All objects attract other objects based on their mass, and this provides an explanation for the planets elliptical orbits.

What can sunspots eject

Large masses of energetic, magnetized plasma

What did Richard Tousey make an observation about

solar flares

In what year did Richard Tousey make his important observation

1973

What are solar winds

High energy particles steaming off the sun

What protects planets from solar winds

The atmosphere

What does the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram show

Surface temperature and luminosity/brightness

What axis is the surface temperature on

X-axis, increases when moving left

What axis is luminosity/brightness on

Y-axis, increases when moving up

What positions does the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram show

Positions of the different types of stars

What is the sun classified as in the context of its future life cycle

A red giant

What is the sun currently

A main-sequence star

What are the major regions of the

Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram

Main sequence, red giants, white dwarves

what are the contributions of space travel to our understanding of space

enabling direct observation of celestial bodies, leading to discoveries about the formation of stars, galaxies, and planets, and the search for extraterrestrial life

How are satellites used for gps

by broadcasting time and location signals

How are satellites used for communications

relaying radio signals between distant points on Earth, overcoming the planet's curvature

How are satellites used for weather forecasting

by taking measurements and creating images of Earth's atmosphere from space, using instruments that detect visible light, infrared radiation, and microwaves

What are rockets

A tube containing combustible material at one end

What are the components of rockets

the structural system, which is the outer frame; the payload system, which carries the cargo; the guidance system, which uses computers and sensors to steer the rocket; and the propulsion system, which generates thrust through a combination of the engine, propellants, pumps, and nozzle

What is on the opposite side of the rocket

The payload

What is the payload

The device or material the rocket transports.

What are all the things the payload can be

A person, a measurement device, equipment, an explosive

What does the nose cone do

Helps the rocket moves smoothly

What is the order from top to bottom of the parts of a rocket

Nose cone, payload, guidance system, first stage, engines, exhaust

What does the guidance system do

Steers the rocket

What is the main body of the rocket

First stage

What ones the first stage of the rocket contain

Fuel tanks

What do the engines do

Provide the thrust for liftoff

What does the exhaust on a rocket do

Hot gases pushed out by the engines

What is a stage rocket

A stage is a section of a rocket that drops off once its fuel has been used up, this makes the remaining part of the rocket lighter

What happens to a rocket with more than one stage

It would fly faster and higher

Why did scientists develop gravitational assist

Because we are unable to send heavy spacecrafts on long journeys throughout the solar system

What are voyager one and two

Space probes built by NASA in the 1970s

What happened after the 2 voyagers were launched

They used gravitational assists from other terrestrial planets to send them as far as possible to collect data

What did voyager one do

It was faster and reached Jupiter in 1979, then went towards Saturn

What did voyager 2 do

Went slower, on a fixed path, reached Jupiter 4 months after voyager 1

Which voyager has traveled farther and why

Voyager 2 because it later reached Neptune and Uranus, it has visited farther out planets

What could we do now that we ave fund out how a way to reliably get into space

We could use things into orbit around earth to help us better understand the planets and universe

What is an example of things we can put into orbit around space

Satellites

What is an artificial satellite

A satellite made by humans, like a spacecraft or telescope that will stay in the orbit

What are examples of a naturally occurring satellite

Moon & earth

What are some ways that a satellite can orbit

Geosynchronous, low earth orbit

Geosynchronous orbit

Move in the same rotation as earths orbit, take 24 hours to orbit earth, synchronized with earths rotation, appear to be motionless over a point on earths surface

Low earth orbit

Satellites are placed 200-800km high above the ground, they complete one orbit of the earth in about 1.5 hours, satellites circle earth faster than earth rotates

Remote sensing

The science of taking measurements (of earth or other planets) from space

How can satellite images show healthy vegetation

By being computer processed

What do images of vegetation or forest degradation show when its unhealthy/degraded

Lots of purple on the thingy