Geography A Level - Atmosphere and Weathering

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30 Terms

1
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Layers of the atmosphere from ground the space

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

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Why is there variation of solar radiation on a global scale

Thermal expansion, gravity is stronger at the equator pulling more of the troposphere towards it, centrifugal force

3
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six components of the daytime energy budget

insolation

reflectivity

surface absorption

latent heat transfer

sensible heat transfer

long wave radiation

4
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latent heat transfer

heat energy used to turn liquid water into water vapour

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sensible heat transfer

the movement of parcels of air into and out of the area being studied

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night time energy budget

long wave radiation

latant heat transfer

sub-surface supply

sensible heat transfer

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How is heat moved

convection, conduction and radiation

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How much of the southern hemisphere is made up of ocean

80%

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How much of the northern hemisphere made up by ocean

60%

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how do ocean currents work

Friction drags across the water causing it to ripple. These ripples slowly get bigger causing waves. These waves then cause currents.

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Gyres

large-scale patterns of water circulation

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name the three cells

polar, feral, hadley

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Where is the polar jet steam

Between the Polar and Feral

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Where is the ITCZ

near the equator

15
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Convection currents

Air rises, cools, becomes denser and sinks due to high pressure

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Coriolis effect

The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents.

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What is a jet stream

Belt of high pressure wind

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El Nino

an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.

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La Nina

A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.

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Monsoons

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons

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factors that influence the rate of evaporation

humidity, supply of heat, wind strength

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causes of precipitation

water on earth heated by the sun evaporates and turns into water vapour. cools and condenses around condensation nuclei, some fall and coalesce on their way down

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three types of rainfall

convectional, frontal, orographic

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types of precipitation

clouds, rain, hail, snow, dew, fog

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How to measure climate change

ice cores, tree rings, sub-fossil pollen, boreholes temperature profiles, corals, lake and ocean sediements,

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natural climate change

sun spots, volcanic activity, eccentricity, obliquity

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urban heat island effect

cities are hotter than surrounding areas by 1-2 degrees

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reasons why insulation is intensified in urban areas

less vegetation, lower specific heat capacity, re-absoption, less water, lower albedo, sky view factor, industrial activity, central heating, vehicles, air conditioning, pollution done

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london

center of london can get up to 11 degrees warmer

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london management schemes

congestion charge, buses with white roofs, london plane trees, bike superhighways, living roofs