Muscle Contraction steps
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20 Terms
What is the first step in the muscle contraction process?
Action potential travels down the neuron.
What happens when calcium gates open in the axon terminal?
Neurotransmitter vesicle fuses with the axon terminal.
What neurotransmitter spreads across the synapse?
Acetylcholine.
What occurs when sodium gates open on the motor end plate?
Action potential begins on the muscle.
What does the action potential do after it begins on the muscle?
Travels down the sarcolemma and into the T-tubule.
What does the action potential activate in the muscle contraction process?
The terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
What is released when SR calcium gates open?
Ca2+.
What does Ca2+ dock onto during muscle contraction?
Troponin.
What happens to tropomyosin when Ca2+ attaches to troponin?
It shifts, exposing active sites on actin.
What forms when the myosin head attaches to actin?
A cross-bridge.
What happens after the myosin pivots during muscle contraction?
ADP and P leave, opening the active site for ATP.
What occurs when ATP attaches to the myosin head?
It is hydrolyzed, energizing the myosin head.
What happens to the cross-bridge after ATP is hydrolyzed?
The cross bridge is broken.
What does myosin do again after the cross-bridge is broken?
Attaches again and repeats (ratchet mechanism).
What happens when the action potential is stopped?
Calcium goes back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
What returns to cover active sites on actin after calcium is reabsorbed?
Troponin and tropomyosin.
What is the state of the muscle after all processes are completed?
The muscle is at rest.
What is the role of acetylcholine in the muscle contraction process?
It spreads across the synapse to trigger muscle action potential.
What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin during muscle relaxation?
They return to cover active sites on actin.
What is the ratchet mechanism in muscle contraction?
The repeated process of myosin attaching to actin, pivoting, and releasing.
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