Digestive Lab quiz

carbohydrate role

used as fuel to drive processes throughout the body by converting glucose into ATP

protein role

form cellular and tissue-level structures. components of many chemicals in the body

lipid role

key part of cell membrane, act as signaling molecules, major fuel source

nutrient breakdown in GI tract (mechanical)

chewing of food into a bolus, swallowing and entering stomach, peristalsis mixes and softens food to create chyme, pylorus acts as a filter for pyloric sphincter, intestines work to mix and absorb food

what impacts enzyme function?

temperature and pH

monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

sucrose

glucose and fructose

lactose

glucose and galactose

maltose

two of glucose

polysaccharides

starches, glycogen, cellulose

building blocks of proteins

amino acids

nutrient breakdown in GI tract (chemical)

salivary amylase starts breaking down carbohydrates, fundus stores undigested food and gases, food mixes with acidic chyme and starts breaking down, protein breaks down due to HCl and pepsin, stomach contents enter duodenum, intestinal and stomach juices facilitate absorption in small intestine, large intestine secretes mucus

salivary amylase

site of origin: salivary glands

action: break down polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides

pancreatic amylase

site of origin: pancreas

action: break down smaller polysaccharides into disaccharides and monosaccharides

alpha-dextrinase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: breaks down alpha-dextrins into monosaccharides

sucrase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

lactase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

maltase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

pepsin

site of origin: chief cells

action: break down polypeptides into smaller polypeptides

trypsin

site of origin: pancreas

action: break down smaller polypeptides into dipeptides and amino acids

aminopeptidase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: break down smaller polypeptides into amino acids and smaller polypeptides

dipeptidase

site of origin: brush border (SI)

action: break down dipeptides into amino acids

lingual lipase

site of origin: salivary glands

action: breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

gastric lipase

site of origin: chief cells

action: breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

pancreatic lipase

site of origin: pancreas

action: breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

enzyme function

catalysts on biological processes