Packet 12 - Time Period 3 (1750-1900) - AP World - State Sponsored Industrialization

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Muhammad Ali (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Modernized Egypt’s military and economy to strengthen resistance to European dominance.

Suez Canal (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Major waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas that transformed global trade routes.

Qing Dynasty (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Last imperial dynasty of China that struggled to resist foreign pressure and internal decline.

Opium Wars (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Conflicts that forced China to open ports and accept unequal treaties favoring Western powers.

Empress Cixi (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Conservative political leader whose resistance to reform slowed China’s modernization.

Sun Yat-sen (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Revolutionary figure who advocated republican government after the fall of imperial rule.

Janissaries (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Elite Ottoman soldiers whose resistance to reform weakened state authority.

conscription (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Policy requiring citizens to serve in the military.

Cairo (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Became a regional center for modernization efforts under new reforms.

Tanzimat reforms (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

State-led attempts to centralize authority and modernize the Ottoman Empire.

Self-Strengthening Movement (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Chinese reform program aimed at improving military and industrial capacity while preserving tradition.

Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Political organization seeking national unity and modernization in China.

Japanese Act of Seclusion (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Policy limiting foreign contact to preserve stability and control.

Commodore Matthew Perry (Industrialization by the State, North America)

Naval commander whose arrival forced Japan to open to global trade.

Tokugawa Shogunate (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Feudal government that enforced isolation until pressured to accept outside influence.

Charter Oath (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Foundational document outlining Japan’s modernization goals in the late 19th century.

Meiji Restoration (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Period of rapid industrial, political, and social reform transforming Japan into a centralized state.

Sino-Japanese War (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Conflict demonstrating Japan’s emergence as a regional industrial power.

Russo-Japanese War (Industrialization by the State, East Asia & Europe)

Military victory proving East Asian industrial strength over a major European empire.

Young Turks (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Reform movement seeking to modernize and strengthen the weakening Ottoman government.

kowtow (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Ritual gesture signaling submission to Chinese imperial authority.

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Financial institution created to support expanding Western trade in East Asia.

Deindustrialization (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Process by which traditional handcraft industries decline due to mass-produced imports.

Sepoys (Industrialization by the State, South Asia)

Local soldiers employed by British authorities during colonial rule.

Famine (Industrialization by the State, Global)

Widespread food shortages intensified by cash-crop economies and colonial policies.

Shogun (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Military ruler who held actual political power prior to modern reforms.

Daimyo (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Regional lords controlling land and samurai in Japan’s feudal structure.

Zaibatsu (Industrialization by the State, East Asia)

Powerful industrial conglomerates driving rapid economic expansion.

Crimean War (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Conflict that exposed Russia’s technological and organizational weaknesses.

Russification (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Policy forcing minority groups within an empire to adopt dominant cultural practices.

Turkification (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Effort to promote a unified Turkish identity within a diverse empire.

Capitulations (Industrialization by the State, Middle East)

Agreements granting Europeans legal and economic privileges within another state’s borders.

Franco-Prussian War (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Military conflict leading to the unification of a major continental power.

British East India Company (Industrialization by the State, Europe/South Asia)

Corporate entity dominating trade and governance in South Asia before direct imperial rule.

Lord Cornwallis (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Colonial administrator who reorganized governance and taxation in South Asia.

Blood and Iron (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Political strategy emphasizing military power and industrial growth to achieve national unity.

Otto von Bismarck (Industrialization by the State, Europe)

Statesman who unified a major European nation through diplomacy and militarization.