DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis: Key Concepts and Processes

Each DNA molecule has one ________ strand and one old strand.

new

cells that have a nucleus.

eukaryotic cells

cells that do not have a nucleus

prokaryotic cells

Name the nucleotides found in DNA.

adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G)

Name the nucleotides found in RNA.

adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), guanine (G)

mRNA

carries DNA's code to ribosomes for protein synthesis

tRNA

bring amino acids to ribosomes; anticodon pairs with mRNA codons

DNA molecules are arranged as tightly coiled _______________ helix.

double helix

DNA being duplicated

replication

_________________________ is the enzyme that unzips the DNA before replication occurs.

DNA helicase

The process where messenger RNA is created from DNA is called __________________.

transcription

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on the mRNA is called __________________.

codon

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on the tRNA is called __________________.

anticodon

DNA Replication occurs in which part of the cell? ____________________________

nucleus (eukaryotes)

Transcription occurs in which part of the cell? _______________________________

nucleus (eukaryotes)

If the amount of adenine in a DNA molecule is 20% then the amount of cytosine would be ___%

30%

___________________ is the process where amino acids are delivered to the mRNA to form proteins.

translation

What is the 5 carbon sugar found in DNA? _______________________

deoxyribose

What is the 5 carbon sugar found in RNA? _______________________

ribose

A short segment of DNA that directs the formation of proteins is called a _____________.

gene

chromatin

twisted threads of DNA that appear in non-dividing cells

_________________ bonds join amino acids together to form a protein.

peptide bonds

What is the start codon? _______

AUG (methionine)

Proteins are made from monomers called _____________________.

amino acids

What is the job of RNA polymerase? ____________________

synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription

What determines your traits?

proteins encoded by genes

rRNA

structural/catalytic RNA in ribosomes; helps form peptide bonds

The regions of DNA that code for proteins are called ____________________.

exons

______________________________ is the activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein.

gene expression

Proteins are made of mononers called ___________________________________.

amino acids

_______________________ are proteins that must fit on bacteria and viruses to destroy them.

antibodies

________________________are special proteins that recognize and bind to specific substrates to speed up chemical reactions.

enzymes

Protein _______________ move from one cell to another and bind to the membrane of the receiving cell

hormones

_________________________ is the process of unfolding a protein.

denaturation

Hormonal proteins determine your growth and __________________________.

development