homework questions chapter 15 and 19

Which layer of the digestive tract wall contains loose connective tissue, lymph nodules, blood vessels, and nerves?

Submucosa

What is the purpose of the secretions of the serosa?

Allow abdominal organs to slide against each other

Deep folds in the wall of the stomach called _____ help it to expand to hold food.

rugae

Which type of cell secretes pepsinogen?

Chief

Lack of intrinsic factor leads to

pernicious anemia.

Intrinsic factor produced by the stomach is critical for absorption of 

vitamin B₁₂.

Which is the first portion of the small intestine?

Duodenum

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

Cecum

Which of the following does NOT aid in giving the internal surface of the small intestine a larger surface area?

Rugae

Lacteals

are located in villi.

are part of the lymphatic system.

absorb fat molecules.

Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the _____. Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the ______.

lacteals; blood capillaries

The presence of food high in amino acids that stretches the stomach will trigger the ______ phase of digestion.

Gastric

The parasympathetic nervous system will trigger the _______ phase of digestive secretion when food arrives in the duodenum.

intestinal

Leptin stimulates

the feeling of fullness after eating.

Acidic chyme from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by ______.

pancreatic juice

label

True or false: The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes.

true

large intestine

main functions is absorption of water and electrolytes.

lacteal

a lymphatic capillary within the intestinal villus necessary for the absorption of lipids.

localized contractions and constrictions that cause the mixing of chyme with the digestive juices of the small intestine is known as ______.

segmentation

The product made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and is used to emulsify fats is known as ______.

bile

True or false: The rate of gastric secretion is regulated by both neural and hormonal mechanisms.

True

Non-digested material will move through the small intestine toward the large intestine by ______.

peristalsis

The regulation of muscular contraction throughout the digestive track is controlled by ______.

• the enteric nervous system

• enteroendocrine hormones

• the central nervous system

label

The large intestine consists of the _____, ______, ______, and the anal canal.

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal.

Describe the location of the liver.

In the upper right section of the abdominal cavity

The left and right lobes of the liver are separated by the ___.

falciform ligament

The head of the pancreas is located ______.

in the loop of the duodenum

The microscopic structural and functional units of the liver are called ______.

hepatic lobules

he liver is capable of storing nutrients, regulating glucose levels, storing fat soluble vitamins and ______.

detoxifying poisons

Identify the first structure that is superior to the liver.

Diaphragm

portal triads consist of which three vessels? (Select all that apply)

• Hepatic artery

• Hepatic portal vein

• Bile duct

Which of the following are functions of the liver? (Select all that apply

• Removes and stores nutrients

• Regulates glucose levels

• Removes and detoxifies poisons

The organ responsible for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, storage of some vitamins, blood filtering, detoxification of blood and the production and secretion of bile is the

liver

Hemoglobin in red blood cells is broken down into a yellowish-green bile pigment known as ______.

bilirubin

The microscopic structural and functional units of the liver are called ______.

hepatic lobules

When chyme is regurgitated into the esophagus at a high frequency the individual may develop ______.

GERD

• A -Hepatic sinusoid

• B-Branch of hepatic artery

• C-Branch of hepatic portal vein

• D-Bile duct

• E-Central vein

A bacterial infection may lead to the mucus cells lining the stomach to stop producing the protective layer of mucus and in turn result in a(n) ______.

ulcer

When too much water is absorbed in the large intestine, the feces become dry and hard, causing the individual to suffer from ______.

constipation

identify the functions of the liver:

• Detoxifies poisons

• Storage of glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D_, E and K

• Secretion of bile

• Produces plasma proteins

Untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease can result in ______. (Select all that apply.)

• Barrett's esophagus

• an increased risk of esophageal cancer

Gradual disintegration of the stomach lining leading to open sores will result in a(n)

gastric ulcer

Initial digestion of starches begins in the mouth by an enzyme called salivary

amylase

hen peristalsis in the large intestines increases due to nervous stimulation, water does not have a chance to be absorbed, resulting in ______.

diarrhea

Diarrhea

Frequent, watery defecation, often caused by digestive infection or stress

Choose all of the following digestive disorders that occur more frequently in the elderly.

• periodontitis

• constipation

• hiatal hernia

Select the ways in which the digestive system helps to maintain homeostasis.

• The digestive and urinary systems remove wastes from the body.

• Muscles cells use nutrients processed by the digestive system.

• Minerals absorbed by the digestive system are used by the nervous system.

Salivary amylase breaks starch down into maltose, which is a(n) ______.

disaccharide

Some molecules that are considered to be essential, in that the body must consume them and cannot make them on its own, are ______. (Select all that apply)

• amino acids

• fatty acids

True or false: Periodontitis is most common in young adults.

False

Crystals that form from the cholesterol in the bile may grow in size, creating ______.

gallstones

Choose the correct statement about the digestive system.

The gastrointestinal tract is also a part of the endocrine system.

Initial digestion of starches begins in the mouth by an enzyme called salivary

amylase

Which of the following statements concerning vitamins is true?

Vitamins are essential nutrients.

besity is often caused by a combination of ______. (Select all that apply)

• hormonal factors

• metabolic factors

• genetic factors

• social factors