homework questions chapter 15 and 19

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62 Terms

1

Which layer of the digestive tract wall contains loose connective tissue, lymph nodules, blood vessels, and nerves?

Submucosa

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2

What is the purpose of the secretions of the serosa?

Allow abdominal organs to slide against each other

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3

Deep folds in the wall of the stomach called _____ help it to expand to hold food.

rugae

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4

Which type of cell secretes pepsinogen?

Chief

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5
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6

Lack of intrinsic factor leads to

pernicious anemia.

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7

Intrinsic factor produced by the stomach is critical for absorption of 

vitamin B12.

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8

Which is the first portion of the small intestine?

Duodenum

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9

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

Cecum

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10

Which of the following does NOT aid in giving the internal surface of the small intestine a larger surface area?

Rugae

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11

Lacteals

are located in villi.

are part of the lymphatic system.

absorb fat molecules.

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12

Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the _____. Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the ______.

lacteals; blood capillaries

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13

The presence of food high in amino acids that stretches the stomach will trigger the ______ phase of digestion.

Gastric

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14

The parasympathetic nervous system will trigger the _______ phase of digestive secretion when food arrives in the duodenum.

intestinal

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15

Leptin stimulates

the feeling of fullness after eating.

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16

Acidic chyme from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by ______.

pancreatic juice

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17
<p>label</p>

label

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18

True or false: The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes.

true

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19

large intestine

main functions is absorption of water and electrolytes.

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20

lacteal

a lymphatic capillary within the intestinal villus necessary for the absorption of lipids.

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21

localized contractions and constrictions that cause the mixing of chyme with the digestive juices of the small intestine is known as ______.

segmentation

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22

The product made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and is used to emulsify fats is known as ______.

bile

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23

True or false: The rate of gastric secretion is regulated by both neural and hormonal mechanisms.

True

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24

Non-digested material will move through the small intestine toward the large intestine by ______.

peristalsis

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25

The regulation of muscular contraction throughout the digestive track is controlled by ______.

  • the enteric nervous system

  • enteroendocrine hormones

  • the central nervous system

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26
<p>label </p>

label

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27

The large intestine consists of the _____, ______, ______, and the anal canal.

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal.

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28

Describe the location of the liver.

In the upper right section of the abdominal cavity

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29

The left and right lobes of the liver are separated by the ___.

falciform ligament

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30

The head of the pancreas is located ______.

in the loop of the duodenum

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31

The microscopic structural and functional units of the liver are called ______.

hepatic lobules

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32

he liver is capable of storing nutrients, regulating glucose levels, storing fat soluble vitamins and ______.

detoxifying poisons

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33

Identify the first structure that is superior to the liver.

Diaphragm

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34

portal triads consist of which three vessels? (Select all that apply)

  • Hepatic artery

  • Hepatic portal vein

  • Bile duct

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35

Which of the following are functions of the liver? (Select all that apply

  • Removes and stores nutrients

  • Regulates glucose levels

  • Removes and detoxifies poisons

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36

The organ responsible for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, storage of some vitamins, blood filtering, detoxification of blood and the production and secretion of bile is the

liver

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37

Hemoglobin in red blood cells is broken down into a yellowish-green bile pigment known as ______.

bilirubin

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38

The microscopic structural and functional units of the liver are called ______.

hepatic lobules

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39

When chyme is regurgitated into the esophagus at a high frequency the individual may develop ______.

GERD

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40
term image
  • A -Hepatic sinusoid

  • B-Branch of hepatic artery

  • C-Branch of hepatic portal vein

  • D-Bile duct

  • E-Central vein


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41

A bacterial infection may lead to the mucus cells lining the stomach to stop producing the protective layer of mucus and in turn result in a(n) ______.

ulcer

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42

When too much water is absorbed in the large intestine, the feces become dry and hard, causing the individual to suffer from ______.

constipation

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43

identify the functions of the liver:

  • Detoxifies poisons

  • Storage of glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D, E and K

  • Secretion of bile

  • Produces plasma proteins

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44

Untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease can result in ______. (Select all that apply.)

  • Barrett's esophagus

  • an increased risk of esophageal cancer

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45

Gradual disintegration of the stomach lining leading to open sores will result in a(n)

gastric ulcer

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46

Initial digestion of starches begins in the mouth by an enzyme called salivary

amylase

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47

hen peristalsis in the large intestines increases due to nervous stimulation, water does not have a chance to be absorbed, resulting in ______.

diarrhea

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48

Diarrhea

Frequent, watery defecation, often caused by digestive infection or stress

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49

Choose all of the following digestive disorders that occur more frequently in the elderly.

  • periodontitis

  • constipation

  • hiatal hernia

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50

Select the ways in which the digestive system helps to maintain homeostasis.

  • The digestive and urinary systems remove wastes from the body.

  • Muscles cells use nutrients processed by the digestive system.

  • Minerals absorbed by the digestive system are used by the nervous system.

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51

Salivary amylase breaks starch down into maltose, which is a(n) ______.

disaccharide

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52

Some molecules that are considered to be essential, in that the body must consume them and cannot make them on its own, are ______. (Select all that apply)

  • amino acids

  • fatty acids

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53

True or false: Periodontitis is most common in young adults.

False

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54

Crystals that form from the cholesterol in the bile may grow in size, creating ______.

gallstones

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55

Choose the correct statement about the digestive system.

The gastrointestinal tract is also a part of the endocrine system.

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56

Initial digestion of starches begins in the mouth by an enzyme called salivary

amylase

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57

Which of the following statements concerning vitamins is true?

Vitamins are essential nutrients.

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58

besity is often caused by a combination of ______. (Select all that apply)

  • hormonal factors

  • metabolic factors

  • genetic factors

  • social factors

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59
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