Research Methods

Regression

What is Event Sampling?

Observing behaviours/events that are of intrest, ignoring others

What is Time Sampling?

Behaviours that are recorded at predefined times, ignoring other times e.g. every 5 minutes for 1 hour

What is Narrative Sampling?

An extended written account of an activity for specified timethat explores participants' experiences and meanings

What is Reflexitivity?

The process through which researchers examine their own beliefs, judgments and practices, and how these may influence the research process

The Hawthorne Effect is:

A phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed, often leading to changes in performance during a study.

What is a Sampling Error?

When the sample is not representative of the intended population

Social desirability bias is

The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.

What is the difference between Correlation and Regression?

Only regression allows you to predict values on one variable from values on the other variable

What are the types of ANOVA’s?

1. One-way ANOVA
   Compares means across one independent variable (factor) with 3+ groups.

2. Two-way (or factorial) ANOVA
   Looks at the effect of two independent variables and their interaction on a dependent variable.

3. Repeated-measures ANOVA
   Used when the same participants are measured under different conditions (related samples)

What does the slope of the Regression Line tell you?

The slope shows how much Y changes when X changes by 1 point

What is ‘the line of best fit’ in Regression?

A regression line that minimizes the sum of squared residuals (the squared difference between an observed data point and the value predicted by a model)

What is the ‘Standard Error of the Estimate’ in Regression?

A measure of variability of data points around a regression line

What are assumptions for ANOVA?

1. Independence of observations

2. Normality of the data for each group (the data will conform to the 68-95- 99.7 rule)

3. Homogeneity of variances among the groups being compared

When the effect of one factor depends on the level of another factor, it is called:

An interaction effect

What do phenomenologists study?

Subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals, aiming to understand the essence of those experiences

What are the types of contrasts within ANOVA’s?

• • 

What does homogenity of variance mean?

It assumes that the standard deviation in both groups will be similar

What does omnibus test mean?

The test can tell us that a significant difference exists, but it cannot tell us where