Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

These flashcards cover key concepts related to physical and cognitive development in infancy, including growth patterns, brain development, motor skills, and the impact of nutrition.

What is the typical growth rate for an infant during the first year?

Approximately 1 inch per month.

What are the average weight and height measurements for a child by age 2?

The average weight is 26-32 pounds and the average height is 32-35 inches.

How is the pattern of physical growth in infants described?

Growth is episodic rather than steady.

What is the Neuroconstructivist view of brain development?

It proposes that biological processes and environmental experiences shape the brain, which is plastic and context-dependent.

How does deprivation affect infant brain development?

Early deprivation depresses brain activity, though the brain is flexible and resilient.

Which sleep stage is most prevalent during infancy compared to any other time in life?

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

The sudden death of an infant without an apparent cause, with the highest risk occurring between 2 and 4 months of age.

What are common predictors of SIDS?

Maternal smoking and bed-sharing.

What are the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers?

Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

How many calories do infants typically require daily?

Approximately 50 calories per day per pound of body weight.

What is a major nutritional concern for infants in the U.S. by 15 months of age?

High consumption of junk food, notably French fries being the most common "vegetable" in their diet.

What positive outcomes are associated with the WIC program?

Higher birth weights, reduced mortality, and increased intake of healthy foods.

Describe the Sucking, Moro, and Babinski reflexes.

• Sucking: Sucking objects placed in the mouth.

• Moro: A startle response to loud noises or sudden movement.

• Babinski: The toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked.

What are some specific fine motor skills developed during infancy?

• Reaching and grasping objects

• Using a pincer grasp (thumb and pointer finger)

• Transferring objects between hands

• Intentionally letting go of objects