Chemistry for Biology

atom

atom

smallest unit of matter that still has properties of that element

atoms are made up for

protons, neutrons, electrons

subatomic particles

protons, neutrons, electrons

protons

positive charge

neutron

neutral

electron

negative charge

protons and neutrons are found in what part of the atom?

nucleus

electrons are found in what part of the atom?

outside the nucleus

element

all the same atoms defined by by the atomic number

valence electrons

number of electrons in the outermost shell

noble gases

• full outer shell

• not reactive

• inert

metals

• tend to lose electrons

• positive ions

• cation

cation

ion with a positive charge

nonmetals

• gain electrons

• negative ions

• anion

anion

ion with a negative charge

H

hydrogen

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

K

Potassium

Ca

Calcium

Mn

Manganese

Fe

Iron

Cu

Copper

Zn

Zinc

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

O

Oxygen

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorus

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

molecule

1 or more atoms bonded together

compound

1 or more different atoms bonded together

molecule

smallest unit of THAT substance

2H₂O

• coefficient

• how many molecules

2H₂O

number of atoms subscript: H=2; O=1

coefficient

gives the number of molecules

subscript

indicates the number of that element in a molecule

chemical bonds

a force that holds molecules together

when do chemical bonds form?

when substances react within one another

ionic bonds

atoms of metals will give electrons away to a nonmetal

covalent

electrons are shared between a nonmetal and a nonmetal

nonpolar bond

“sharing is equal”