pathophysiology week 7 heart stuff

Which condition is caused by a PRIMARY metabolic problem?

Metabolic acidosis

Which system compensates FIRST in metabolic acid–base disorders?

Lungs

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation presents as:

Rapid, deep respirations

Why do lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis?

Blow off CO₂

Which condition causes metabolic alkalosis?

Excessive vomiting

Metabolic alkalosis is MOST likely compensated by:

Hypoventilation

Which statement is TRUE about compensation?

Metabolic compensation takes days

Arterial blood BEST reflects:

Oxygen delivery from lungs

Venous blood BEST reflects:

Cardiac output

Which blood would have LOWER oxygen content?

Venous

Pulmonary artery

is deoxygenated,

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood MOST of the time?

Pulmonary vein

In shock, venous oxygen saturation is LOW because:

Tissues extract more oxygen

isotonic fluids stay where?

intravascular space

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to:

Swell

Hypertonic solutions cause water to move:

Out of cells

Which patient is MOST at risk for cellular swelling?

Receiving hypotonic fluids

Which IV fluid would expand intravascular volume FASTEST?

Isotonic

Hypovolemic shock occurs due to:

Loss of circulating volume

EARLIEST sign of hypovolemic shock:

Tachycardia

BP drops late

The body compensates early with:

• ↑ HR

• Vasoconstriction

If BP is low → shock is already advanced.

Why does blood pressure drop LATE in hypovolemic shock?

Compensation maintains BP initially

Which compensatory mechanism occurs FIRST in hypovolemia?

SNS activation

Cool, clammy skin in shock indicates:

Poor tissue perfusion

BEST initial treatment for hypovolemic shock:

Isotonic fluids

Decreased urine output in shock occurs because:

Blood is shunted away from kidneys

Which finding confirms worsening hypovolemic shock?

Decreased mental status