Philosophy Final- Unit 1

Argument is sound

if the premises are true

Argument is valid

if the conclusion follows the premise

Deductive Argument

Strongest possible argument: if premiss are true conclusion must be too

Inductive Argument

If premises are true it is highly likely the conclusion will be too

Reducto Ad Absurdum

the argument proves a claim by showing that the opposite claim is invalid

Generalization

argument that uses specific examples to draw conclusions about a larger argument

Argument from Analogy

arguments that use similarities between two things to argue that they are also similar in a completely unrelated way

x% of observed Fs are Gs, therefore, x% of Fs are G

Generalization

A and B are alike in having features F and G; B has feature X, therefore, A does too

Argument from Analogy Cartesian Dualis

Cartesian Dualism

Mind and body are 2 separate substances

Radical Doubt

Applies a series of progressively more radical doubts to his preconceived opinions- unsure if he knows anything at all

Realizes he cannot doubt the Cognito (I think therefore, I am)

Meditations 2

Doubts everything

Meditations 1

He exists because of God and God is good and would not deceive him

Meditations 3-6

How do we know we aren’t dreaming?

We can’t know, but we know there must be a real world bc that’s what the dream world is based on