World War 1

Flashcards about World War I, covering causes, key players, major battles, and its impact on Canada.

What were the years of World War 1?

1914-1918

What is causation in the context of WWI?

The study of how and why major events happen

What is the 'Equation' for understanding major historical events?

Long Range Causes + Immediate Cause = Major Historical Event

What is Imperialism?

The process by which one nation extends itself through the collection of colonies to create an EMPIRE

What is a 'Mother Country'?

The nation which expands.

What is a 'Colony'?

The nation IT takes over.

What is the primary reason for imperialism?

To gain extremely important NATURAL RESOURCES

Which country was the most successful at imperialism, with a colonial population of 400 million?

Britain

What navy was key to the creation and protection of the British Empire?

The British Royal Navy

What was the result of Germany uniting as one under Otto Von Bismarck in 1871?

A strong and confident nation united and ready to compete for colonies

What provinces did Germany acquire from France in the Franco-Prussian War?

Alsace and Lorraine

Why were Alsace and Lorraine important to Germany?

They were rich in IRON ORE

What did Germany intend to use iron ore for?

Building ships

What was the result of Germany's victory and acquisition of iron ore for France during the Franco-Prussian War?

France vowed REVENGE against Germany.

In what year did the German Naval Scare occur when Germany built its own fleet of DREADNOUGHTs?

1906

Why did Germany look to gain control over the Balkan region with the help of Austria-Hungary?

To gain oil to fuel factories and trains

What geographic challenge did Russia face in building an empire?

Russia had very few 'ICE FREE' ports.

What did Russia hope to gain by controlling the Balkans?

Control of the DARDANELLES

What was the Black Hand?

An extreme terrorist group made up of proud Serbs focused on winning back independence from A-H

What event is considered the IMMEDIATE CAUSE of WWI?

The assassination of FRANZ FERDINAND of A-H by Gavrilo Princip

What is militarism?

strengthening of and use of a military force by one country to bully and intimidate another.

What are Alliances?

An agreement between two or more countries to join together to gain strength in troubled times

Who was in the Triple Entente?

France + Russia + Britain

Who was in the Triple Alliance?

Germany + A-H + Italy

What happens if Serbia refuses Austria-Hungary's demands after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Austria-Hungary will declare war

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

July 28th, 1914

What key event occurred on August 3rd, 1914?

Germany invades France

What was the name of the French Plan of troop concentration and mobilization?

PLAN XVII

What was the approximate size of the French Army?

approx. 900,000

Who was the Prime Minister of France during WWI?

PM Georges Clemenceau

What was the size of the Russian army at the start of WWI?

1.5 million

Who was the leader of Russia during WWI?

Czar Nicholas II

Who was the King of Britain and PM during WWI?

King George V, PM Lloyd George

Who was the leader of Germany during WWI, known for fuelling its rise to power?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

What was Germany's 'Short War Plan' called?

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

Approximately how many Canadians served in WWI?

620,000

Approximately how many Canadians died in WWI?

60,000

Who was Canada's Prime Minister during WWI?

Robert Borden

Who did Robert Borden appoint as the Minister of the Militia and Defense?

Sam Hughes

What were some examples of inadequate weapons and supplies provided to Canadian soldiers?

The Ross Rifle, MacAdam Shield Shovel, Combat boots

In 1916 whom was The Shell Committee replaced by?

The Imperial Munitions Board [IMB] led by Joseph Farells

Which groups were initially discriminated against in the Canadian Armed Forces during WWI?

Black Canadians and Indigenous peoples

Which Prime Minister apologised to the descendants of Canada’s first all-Black battalion?

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau

Who designed the Schlieffen Plan?

Alfred Von Schlieffen

What three things did the Schlieffen Plan depend on?

massive numbers, surprise, and speed

Who was Schlieffen's successor who changed the Schlieffen Plan?

Helmuth Von Moltke

What does ''GO OVER THE TOP'' mean?

Climb out of the trenches and launch an assault onto the enemy trench, occurred on no man's land

What were some of the major battles involving Canadian soldiers in WWI?

Second Battle of Ypres, The Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele

When was the Second Battle of Ypres?

April 1915

What technology did the Germans use for the first time at the Second Battle of Ypres?

Chlorine gas

When was the Battle of the Somme?

July 1916

When was the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

April 1917

When was the Battle of Passchendaele?

November 1917

What was the major aim of the Blitzkrieg?

to paralyze the enemy with a devastating use of speed and power

Which country introduced the Blitzkrieg?

Germany

What purposes was airplane mainly used for?

observation and air battles

What airships did German use?

Zeppelins

What canadain was the most famous allied air ace?

William [Billy] Bishop

What weapon did U-Boats carry?

Torpedoes

What are Depth charges?

barrels stuffed with explosives rolled from ships which detonated upon contact with submerged U-BOATS

What prevented the war’s end in 1917?

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

What was Rationing during wwi?

Food at home was limited to ensure enough for soldiers.

Which prime minister promised no conscription in canada?

PM Robert Borden

What was the political move for the Wartime elections act of 1917?

Women were expected to support conscription

What did the Wartime Elections act of 1917do?

Remove voting rights from enemy aliens. Granted votes to women connected to soldiers (wives, mothers, sisters) serving in the military

What was Resolution lX?

During 1917 Imperial War Cabinet, it recognized Canada and the other BRitish dominions as“autonomous nations” within a larger British Commonwealth

Who were The Big '3' allies?

USA

What was the term referring to the leader of US in the big 3?

WOODROW WILSON

what was the term referring to the leader of france in the big 3?

GEORGE CLEMENCEAU

What was the term referring to the leader of Britain in the big 3?

DAVID LOYD GEORGE

What was the purpose of The Treaty of Versailles?

to ensure that World War 1 would indeed be “The War to end all Wars” and that Europe would have lasting peace

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

signed Mar 3 1918

What Restrictions were on Germany after the war?

The German army was restricted to 100,000 people and was to have no tanks or heavy guns. Germany was not to have an Air Force. The German Navy was to include only small ships.

What was the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany was forced to sign a statement that it was the primary cause of the war.

What were the Demographic Conseuences of the war?

Losses - more than 16.5 million dead and 21 million wounded. 20 million more died due to the Spanish flu.

What were the Territorial consequences of the war?

New countries appeared.

What was the most immediate cuase of ww1?

June 28, 1914 = The assassination of FRANZ FERDINAND of A-H by Gavrilo Princip

What is a Labour Union?

An organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals

What does OBU stand for?

ONE BIG UNION

What was the one big union

was a union consisting of many other unions from WESTERN CANADA that decided to come together in MARCH 1919 in order to increase their bargaining power with government and employers

The period in time which the making of, selling of, buying of and drinking of ALC was illegal is called what?

prohibition

What are the six main cuases of the great depression?

CREDIT BUYING, BUYING ON MARGIN, TRADE TARIFFS, OVER PRODUCTION/ EXPANSION, OVER RELIANCE ON PRIMARY GOODS, DEPENDENCE ON THE US

What were the 2 choices in canadda durring the great depression?

RB Bennett or Mackenzie King

Why was the communisum not a option during the depression?

TIM BUCK

Because financial problem in Quebec blamed on Eng. Canadians and their control over the economy is called?

Known as the “BIBLE BILL”

What were the 2 choices that came out during the election fo 1935

R.B. Bennett + Conservatives or Mackenzie King + Liberals

What did Bennet claim during the new deal?

Minimun watges or insurince

What plan did the the liberils side do

King or Chaos

Using the excuse that he is only reuniting the last German people living outside germany, Hitler unleashes his incredible war machine on Poland plan is called what?

BLITZKRIEG

What is the term Blitzkrieg?

Lightening wars

With the statement of blitzkreig whrere the Germans were?

The germans are in poland

with the germans invaded poland when whd was that in what time?

sept 1939

What did the Nazi mainly did

anti- Seditism

What was the allies war staragy?

to divide Germany

Before the ww2 which country did germeny conquer that made other couintries nervouses

France

He had to find an answer to his “Jewish Question”

Adolf hitler

At one point Hitler decided to solve his 2 point questions whihc are?

mass exterimination of the jewish people for german and people who look germans to be incharge

What happened in 1945?

the allies win

What did soviets claim durring the battle?

the soviets won 201 the battle of germany

Did everyone want the ww1 to go into ww2?

in the start, and it led to that