ch 9 vocab

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20 Terms

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms

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Heredity

he passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

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True-breeding

A kind of breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype

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Hybrid

the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties

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P generation

First Generation

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F1 generation

second generation

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F2 generation

third generation

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Monohybrid cross

a genetic mix between two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in an opposite phenotype

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Dihybrid cross

A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

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Allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

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Homozygous

same Gene (GG)

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Heterozygous

different gene (Gg)

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Dominant

a dominant trait or gene

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Recessive

a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous

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Law of segregation

When gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent's gametes carry each allele

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Punnett square

a square diagram that is composed of a grid of usually four boxes and is used to calculate and depict all the combinations

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Phenotype

refers to an individual's observable traits

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Genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism

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Law of independent assortment

genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes

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Testcross

genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype